Electrolyzed saline, produced through a custom-made apparatus, has shown promising results in cleaning root canal walls and removing the smear layer, offering a potential alternative to sodium hypochlorite as a root canal irrigant.

- Electrolyzed saline is an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation. - Electrochemically activated water solutions show cleaning effectiveness in root canal irrigation. - Electrochemically activated water has antimicrobial effectiveness as an endodontic irrigation solution.

This is from Clujul Med. 2018 Jul; 91(3): 322–327. Link

Initiating nasal saline irrigation after COVID-19 diagnosis in high-risk outpatients significantly reduces the risk of hospitalization, according to a study.

- Initiating nasal saline irrigation after COVID-19 diagnosis reduces hospitalization and death in high-risk outpatients. - Nasal irrigation with alkalinization resulted in no hospitalizations and one ED visit. - Nasal irrigation participants were over 8 times less likely to be hospitalized than the national rate.

This is from Journal of Link in 2023.

Nasal irrigation using a saline solution may help reduce the duration of anosmia (loss of smell) symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, according to a study.

- Nasal irrigation therapy can reduce the duration of anosmia symptoms in COVID-19 patients. - Nasal irrigation aims to cleanse the sinuses from mucus, allergens, and air pollution. - Nasal irrigation using saline solutions has been recognized as a nonpharmacological therapy for managing sinus disease. - The study used a randomized controlled trial design to test the effectiveness of nasal irrigation in COVID-19 patients with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms. - The intervention group that received nasal irrigation had a shorter duration of symptoms compared to the control group. - Anosmia (loss of smell) was the most prevalent symptom among the study participants.

This is from Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences in 2022 at https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/index.

Hypertonic alkaline nasal irrigation may be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms, according to a study published in the Journal of Medical Research.

This is from PMC in 2023 at Link.

Nasal irrigation with a hypertonic seawater solution containing algal and herbal natural ingredients was found to significantly reduce the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal cavity, potentially reducing transmission and severity of COVID-19.

- Hypertonic seawater nasal irrigation solution with algal and herbal natural ingredients reduces viral load and SARS-CoV-2 detection time in the nasal cavity. - Nasal saline irrigation with triamcinolone acetonide is effective in treating COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction. - Hypertonic seawater nasal irrigation solution containing algal and herbal natural ingredients is safe and effective in patients with COVID-19. - Nasal spray of seawater plus additives can lead to early negativization of SARS-CoV-2 infection. - Nasal irrigation is effective in reducing severity in high-risk COVID+ outpatients. - Nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution can help with virus clearance in COVID-19 patients. - Povidone iodine has a virucidal effect on SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx. - Hypertonic alkaline nasal irrigation has positive effects on COVID-19. - Nasal saline irrigation can reduce false-positive results of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in oropharyngeal swabs. - False coronavirus disease 2019 cases can occur due to contamination by inactivated virus vaccine. - Diagnostic laboratories face challenges in reconverting to combat the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

This is from J Pers Med in 2023. Link

The study investigated the effect of nasal irrigation on children infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, finding that timely use of saline nasal irrigation may promote nucleic acid conversion and reduce symptom duration in children with the Omicron virus infection.

- Nasal irrigation can be beneficial for adults infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19. - Nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline has been shown to be effective in treating chronic rhinosinusitis. - Nasal irrigation can improve mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies. - Nasal saline irrigation is safe and can be considered as a treatment option for COVID-19. - Nasal saline irrigation may help in washing away COVID-19. - Nasal saline irrigation is beneficial for children with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis.

This is from Journal of Pediatrics in 2023 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290932/

Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling may reduce the duration of upper respiratory tract infection caused by coronaviruses, including COVID-19, according to a pilot study. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the full effectiveness of this intervention.

- Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling (HSNIG) reduced the duration of coronavirus upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) by an average of two-and-a-half days. - HSNIG may offer a potentially safe, effective, and scalable intervention for COVID-19. - HSNIG reduced the duration of URTI, over-the-counter medication use, transmission within household contacts, and viral shedding. - Epithelial cells produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride ions, which has an antiviral effect against various viruses. - SARS-CoV-2 titres are higher in the nose than the throat, suggesting that measures to control the infection and viral shedding can help reduce transmission. - HSNIG reduced the duration of illness, blocked nose, cough, and hoarseness of voice in individuals infected with coronavirus. - The findings suggest that HSNIG may have a role in reducing symptoms and duration of illness in COVID-19.

This is from Journal of Global Health in 2023 at URL.

This study found that daily nasal saline irrigation can improve bronchial hyperresponsiveness and clinical parameters in children with both asthma and allergic rhinitis.

- Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) improves bronchial hyperresponsiveness and clinical parameters in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). - NSI is beneficial for treatment of asthma and AR in children.

This is from Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice in 2023 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31012599/

Nasal saline irrigation appears to have small clinical benefits for treating sinonasal diseases, and further studies are needed to optimize its efficacy.

- Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) has demonstrated improvement in symptoms as well as reduction in the use of rescue medications such as systemic corticosteroids when used as an adjunct or as sole treatment. - NSI is usually well tolerated with minimal side effects. - The exact mechanism(s) of action of NSI are not clearly understood, but it may enhance the movement of mucus toward the nasopharynx, directly clean the nasal mucosa, and aid in thinning nasal secretions. - NSI is recommended for a variety of sinonasal conditions, including allergic rhinitis (AR), atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis of pregnancy, viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), CRS, acute rhinosinusitis, sinonasal sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and as a postoperative adjunct after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). - Overall, the data appear to demonstrate some small clinical benefit to nasal saline irrigation. Further definitive studies are needed to optimize efficacy.

This is from International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology in 2012 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S108112061200316X

This study suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation may be an effective treatment for chronic sinus symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and nasal polyposis.

- Saline nasal irrigation is an adjunctive therapy for rhinosinusitis and sinus symptoms. - Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI) may be effective for symptoms associated with allergy, asthma, and nasal polyposis. - Patients with frequent rhinosinusitis and daily sinus symptoms, symptoms of concomitant allergic rhinitis, asthma, or polyposis may improve with HSNI. - Larger prospective studies are needed in patients with these diagnoses.

This is from PubMed in 2008 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18593081/

This study suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation may be effective in improving symptoms related to allergy, asthma, or nasal polyposis in patients with frequent rhinosinusitis and daily sinus symptoms.

- Saline nasal irrigation is an adjunctive therapy for rhinosinusitis and sinus symptoms. - Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI) may be effective for symptoms associated with allergy, asthma, and nasal polyposis. - Patients with frequent rhinosinusitis and daily sinus symptoms, symptoms of concomitant allergic rhinitis, asthma, or polyposis may improve with HSNI. - HSNI is an effective adjunctive treatment for symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. - Larger prospective studies are needed in patients with these diagnoses.

This is from PubMed in 2008 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18593081/.

Saline nasal irrigation is a useful addition to the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, but its efficacy in acute rhinosinusitis is limited and still under investigation.

- Saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is a useful addition for treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms. - SNI use in acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) therapy is controversial and has limited efficacy. - Nasal douches are recommended for both CRS and ARS, along with isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions in CRS (in ARS to a limited extent). - To prevent infections, it is essential to clean the nasal douche thoroughly and use the proper salt concentration (2-3.5%).

This is from PubMed in 2013 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23354530/

This study suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI) may be an effective adjunctive treatment for chronic sinus symptoms, as well as for symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or nasal polyposis, but further research is needed to confirm these findings.

- Nasal irrigation with saline solution may help alleviate symptoms of chronic sinus conditions. - Several studies have shown positive results in using nasal irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and nasal polyposis. - Nasal irrigation can be done with hypertonic saline solution or isotonic saline solution. - Nasal irrigation is generally safe and well-tolerated. - Nasal irrigation may be used as an adjunct therapy for chronic sinus conditions.

This is from WMJ in 2008 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755042/.

Nasal irrigation can be an effective and inexpensive intervention for managing rhinosinus and related asthma symptoms in severe asthma patients with few side effects.

- Nasal irrigation is an effective and inexpensive intervention for managing rhinosinus and related asthma symptoms. - After three months of nasal irrigation, 88% of patients reported improved nasal symptoms, and 62% reported improved chest symptoms. - There were statistically significant improvements in mean snott 22 and ACQ scores. - Nasal irrigation has few side effects and should be advocated in severe asthma clinics.

This is from Thorax in 2023 at https://thorax.bmj.com/content/71/Suppl_3/A151.3

Nasopharyngeal wash using hypertonic saline gargles and nasal wash may be useful in preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and further research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness.

- Nasopharyngeal wash can help prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections. - There is no financial support or conflict of interest related to this research. - Saline nasal irrigation can be effective in treating chronic rhinosinusitis and acute viral rhinitis. - Gargling with hypertonic saline or green tea can help prevent upper respiratory tract infections. - Chloride ions can augment the antiviral innate immune response in non-myeloid cells. - Two outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in nursing homes were associated with rhinovirus. - SARS-CoV-2 can remain stable on surfaces for a period of time.

This is from Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine in 2020 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353928/.

This article reviews the therapeutic effects of the ancient yogic practice of neti kriya, specifically jala neti, in treating upper respiratory tract diseases such as sinusitis, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis and highlights the need for further research to substantiate its efficacy.

- Neti kriya, specifically jala neti, has therapeutic effects in managing upper respiratory tract diseases. - Saline nasal irrigation greatly reduces chronic sinonasal diseases and improves quality of life in children. - Neti can be administered in pratisyaya and mainly in kaphaja pratisyaya as there is predominance of kapha. - Neti can play a key role in treating allergies associated with upper respiratory tract conditions. - Neti can be applied in snoring and can be safely practiced with ease. - Long-term nasal irrigation improved the quality of life of patients affected with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. - Jala neti yields a significant improvement in myopia. - Jala neti can improve the intellectual potential of mentally retarded children. - Daily nasal irrigation with a hypertonic saline solution reduces the severity of symptoms in sinusitis, the occurrence of acute exacerbations and the need for antibiotic therapy.

This is from Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine in 2017 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947617306216#bib30.

Nasal and oral saline irrigation can be a safe, inexpensive, and complementary measure to help reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and relieve symptoms of COVID-19.

- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling may help reduce viral load and improve patient outcomes in COVID-19. - Saline may help improve mucosal dynamics and prevent persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. - Nasal irrigation and gargling with hypertonic saline may prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to care home residents. - Gargling with povidone iodine has a short-term inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. - Inhalation of saline may reduce the risk of infection with coronaviruses.

This is from Frontiers in Public Health in 2023 at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1161881/full.

This study used computational fluid dynamics to compare the effectiveness of using a Neti Pot versus a squeeze bottle for nasal saline irrigation, finding that the Neti Pot provided better coverage in the paranasal sinuses but at the expense of reduced flow and shearing rates, while the squeeze bottle provided greater surface coverage on the side of irrigation.

- Neti Pot irrigation is more effective in delivering saline solution to the nasal cavity on the contralateral side of irrigation due to typically larger volumes but at the expense of reduced flow and shearing rates. - Squeeze bottle irrigation provided greater surface coverage on the side of irrigation. - The Neti Pot increased surface coverage in the paranasal sinuses. - Reducing the jet diameter may aid the direct targeting of a specific region at the side of irrigation by preventing the impingement of the jet to the nasal passage surface and redirection of the flow.

This is from International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology in 2023 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169260722006046?via%3Dihub.

Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation can help reduce congestion and improve airflow in the nose and sinuses by washing away mucus and debris, shrinking swollen membranes, and improving cell function. To use, mix pickling/canning salt and pure bicarbonate in a clean jar with distilled or bottled water, pour into a clean bowl, and use a bulb/ear syringe, medical syringe, or Water Pik to squirt the solution into each side of the nose 2-3 times per day. It may cause a burning sensation at first, but it usually goes away within a few days.

- Hypertonic Saline Nasal Irrigation is the practice of flushing the nose and the sinus spaces around it with saline that has a higher concentration of salt. - Hypertonic saline acts as a solvent and washes the mucus crusts and other debris from your nose. - The higher salt concentration pulls fluid out of the swollen membrane and shrinks them. This decongests and improves the airflow into your nose. The sinus passages begin to open and drain. - Studies show that high concentration salt water improves cell function (ciliary beat pattern). - Plan to irrigate your nose with hypertonic solution saline 2-3 times per day. - Most people experience a little burning sensation the first few times they use hypertonic saline solution, but this usually goes away within a few days.

This is from University of Michigan Health System in 2015 at http://www.uofmhealth.org/.

A study found that a seawater solution enriched with copper, hyaluronic acid, and eucalyptus for nasal lavage is safe and effective in improving nasal mucociliary clearance, and may have potential as a supportive therapy for acute rhinosinusitis.

- The article discusses the safety and performance evaluation of a seawater solution enriched with copper, hyaluronic acid, and eucalyptus for nasal lavage. - The authors explore the effects of the solution on the respiratory system, including its potential to enhance mucociliary clearance and its antibacterial properties. - The article provides a review of the relevant literature on respiratory health and the use of nasal lavage. - The authors conclude that the solution shows promise as a safe and effective tool for maintaining respiratory health.

This is from Med Devices (Auckl) in 2019 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6766585/.

A study found that hypochlorous acid nasal spray was as effective as saline nasal irrigation in treating chronic rhinosinusitis patients who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and could be a convenient alternative in post-surgery care.

- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal spray is as effective as saline nasal irrigation in treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients who have undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). - HOCl nasal spray is convenient to use and can be an alternative to saline nasal irrigation in post-FESS care. - The study found a significant reduction in endoscopic score after 2 months of HOCl nasal spray. - The study found a significant reduction in TWSNOT-22 score after normal saline (NS) nasal irrigation.

This is from Am J Otolaryngol in 2022 at https://ciplamed-library.com/content/can-hypochlorous-acid-nasal-spray-be-an-alternative-to-saline-nasal-irrigation-in-crs.

This medical study investigated the antibacterial effect of hypochlorous acid solution on nasal discharge from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and found that the solution did not exert an antibacterial effect within 5 minutes, suggesting that a longer duration may be needed for any antibacterial activity to manifest.

- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution did not exert an antibacterial effect on nasal secretion from CRS patients within 5 minutes. - Alcohol showed good antibacterial activity. - Irrigation of the nose with an antibacterial fluid such as HOCl or PVPI for a longer period may be needed to observe any antibacterial activity.

This is from International Journal of Otolaryngology in 2018 at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijoto/2018/8568694/.

This article reports on two cases of fatal primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by the presence of Naegleria fowleri in household plumbing, highlighting the importance of using appropriate water, such as distilled, boiled, or filtered water, for nasal irrigation.

- Two cases of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) were caused by contaminated tap water within a household. - The cases highlight the changing epidemiology of PAM in the United States. - The first case was caused by the use of a neti pot with contaminated tap water. - The second case was caused by the use of tap water for sinus irrigation. - The remediation of the hot water system and the use of distilled, filtered, or previously boiled water for nasal irrigation can reduce the risk of PAM. - Nasal irrigation using saline solutions made with contaminated tap water does not seem to inactivate N. fowleri fast enough. - The ability of commercially available reconstituted salt packets in the neti pot to inactivate N. fowleri was tested at the CDC laboratory. - Environmental pathogens have emerged as well-documented biofilm colonizers within pipes found in manmade, engineered environmental habitats where they amplify in warm water niches such as water heaters, and shower heads. - To better address this, improved and systematic environmental sampling of water bodies and systems in the United States is needed to create a baseline for N. fowleri occurrence, followed by systematic monitoring over time to better interpret, understand, and predict potential changes in N. fowleri ecology that could lead to improved prevention activities.

This is from Clinical Infectious Diseases in 2012 at https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/55/9/e79/434487?login=false.

A low concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation solution was found to be effective in killing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, without showing any toxicity to human nasal epithelial cells.

- A low concentration hypochlorous acid solution can be used as an effective nasal irrigation solution. - The solution has bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal effects on microorganisms that cause chronic sinusitis. - The solution did not show any toxicity on human primary nasal epithelial cells.

This is from The Laryngoscope in 2008 at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1097/MLG.0b013e31817f4d34.

This study found that low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation can be an effective adjunct therapy for chronic sinusitis symptoms.

- Low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation can be a useful adjuvant therapy for chronic sinusitis. - Nasal saline irrigation is a simple, inexpensive, and generally well-tolerated treatment with very few side effects or risks. - The appropriate application of medical therapies for chronic sinusitis is necessary to optimize patient quality of life (QoL) and daily functioning, and minimize the risk of acute inflammatory exacerbations. - The bacterial culture rates were lower in the HOCl group than in the placebo group after 4 weeks of treatment, although the difference was not statistically significant. - The present study analyzed the efficacy of nasal irrigation using low-concentration HOCl for the patients with CRS refractory to medical therapy.

This is from International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology in 2017 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27853946/.

A new nasal irrigation device with an extended nozzle and continuous water stream directly upwards to the anterior part of the olfactory cleft demonstrated superior nasal irrigation efficiency to the classic squeeze bottle in a study using 3D-printed transparent casts of the unoperated sinonasal cavity filled with simulated mucous and irrigated with dyed water.

- A novel irrigation device was compared to a classic rinse bottle and found to have superior irrigation efficiency. - The novel device has a continuous water stream directed upwards to the anterior part of the olfactory cleft and a long nozzle overcoming the flow-limiting effect of the nasal valve. - The study put forward a series of critical structural and dynamical features for optimizing nasal irrigation devices. - The irrigation efficiency of the novel device under different head positions ranged from 80.1% to 89.8%, with an average irrigation efficiency of 83.6%. - The irrigation efficiency of the rinse bottle ranged from 66.3% to 75.4% with an average irrigation efficiency of 69.1%.

This is from Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery in 2023 at https://journalotohns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40463-022-00575-9.

A sinus flush, also known as nasal irrigation, can help relieve congestion and sinus irritation caused by sinus infections, allergies, or colds, and is generally safe as long as sterile water is used, but those who have recently had sinus surgery should avoid cold water and follow other safety guidelines.

- A sinus flush is a safe and simple remedy for nasal congestion and sinus irritation that just about anyone can do at home. - Saline can wash away allergens, mucus, and other debris, and help to moisten the mucous membranes. - A sinus flush carries a small risk of infection and other side effects, but these risks can be easily avoided by following a few simple safety rules. - Doctors most often recommend using saline irrigation for chronic sinusitis. - A sinus flush can be effective at relieving nasal congestion and irritation, caused by a sinus infection, allergies, or a cold.

This is from Healthline in 2019 at https://www.healthline.com/health/sinus-flush.

This article discusses a clinical practice guideline for the use of nasal irrigation as a treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis in adults, including recommendations for the most effective use of irrigation and the appropriate management of irrigation fluid and devices.

- Nasal irrigation can be a valuable adjunct in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. - Nasal irrigation can alleviate sinonasal symptoms. - Nasal saline irrigation is a safe and effective treatment for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. - Nasal irrigation bottles can be a potential source of bacterial contamination. - Microwave disinfection can be used to disinfect irrigation bottles. - Head position can affect the effectiveness of nasal irrigation.

This is from Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol in 2022 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8901942/.

Nasal irrigation with saline solutions, such as seawater, can alleviate symptoms of upper respiratory conditions and reduce the need for medication. They may also have potential in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection and preventing pneumonia.

- Saline solutions can be used to treat upper respiratory conditions such as chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. - Hypertonic saline solutions may be more effective than isotonic saline solutions for nasal irrigation. - Nasal saline irrigation may reduce the severity of COVID-19 in high-risk outpatients, but more research is needed. - Nasal saline irrigation and gargling with saline water have been suggested as potential preventive measures against COVID-19, but more research is needed. - Nasopharyngeal washes with saline solution may help prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections.

This is from Mar Drugs in 2022 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9147352/.

Nasal saline irrigation is a beneficial low-risk treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, but evidence is limited regarding the most optimal delivery method and saline composition.

- Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) is a common treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). - NSI is a safe and effective treatment option for CRS. - High-volume, low-pressure devices are the most common method of administration. - More evidence is required to determine the efficacy of this treatment. - Contamination should be avoided and providers should thoroughly educate patients on NSI hygiene recommendations.

This is from International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology in 2023 at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alr.22330.

Nasal irrigation devices like neti pots are generally safe and effective when used properly, but it is important to use only distilled, sterile, or boiled water to avoid infection and to follow the instructions for use and care, and make sure the device fits the age of the person using it; symptoms worsening or other concerns should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

- Nasal irrigation devices, including neti pots, can help treat congested sinuses, colds, and allergies. - Improper use of nasal irrigation devices can increase the risk of infection. - Only rinse with distilled, sterile, or previously boiled water. - Follow instructions for use and care of the device. - Nasal irrigation can remove dust, pollen, and other debris and relieve nasal symptoms. - Talk to a healthcare provider before using nasal irrigation if your immune system isn't working properly. - Make sure the device fits the age of the person using it. - Report problems with nasal rinsing devices to the FDA's MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program.

This is from FDA Consumer Updates in 2023 at https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/rinsing-your-sinuses-neti-pots-safe.

This in vitro study compared the safety and efficacy of diluted isotonic seawater and electrodialyzed seawater for nasal hygiene, and found that both solutions are safe and effective, but electrodialyzed seawater showed greater efficacy in reducing bacterial growth, suggesting that it may be a better option for nasal hygiene.

- Isotonic seawater and electrodialyzed seawater are both safe and effective for nasal hygiene. - Dead sea salt nasal irrigations are also effective for nasal hygiene. - Saline nasal irrigation can prevent symptoms of rhinitis. - Nasal decongestants in monotherapy are not effective for the common cold. - ATP is released at the apical surface of human airway epithelia and may contribute to respiratory toxicity of inhaled drugs.

This is from Medical Devices: Evidence and Research in 2020 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7726834/.

A study published in the European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology found that Stérimar Nasal Hygiene, a diluted seawater-based solution, is safe and effective in enhancing mucociliary clearance and wound healing in the nasal cavity, thus supporting the evidence that regular nasal irrigation with isotonic saline solutions is beneficial for maintaining nasal hygiene and reducing the occurrence of sinonasal conditions.

- An isotonic diluted seawater solution (SNH) is safe on nasal epithelial cells and effective on enhancing the rate of mucociliary clearance and speed of wound healing in the nasal cavity. - Regular nasal irrigation with isotonic saline solutions is beneficial for maintaining the hygiene of the nose which, in turn, may reduce the occurrence of episodes of various sinonasal conditions.

This is from Journal in 2023 at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00405-020-06527-1.

Cleaning your nose daily through nasal irrigation is important to remove mucus, dust, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and the only effective way to do so is by using a package of 3-ounce disposable cups and a salt shaker with a snap lid to irrigate your nose with salt water.

- Nasal hygiene is important to prevent sickness. - Nasal irrigation is the only effective way to clean your nose. - Use a disposable cup and a salt shaker to make a saline solution. - Too much or too little salt in the water will burn your nose. - Bend over the sink, put your nose in the cup, and sniff. - Blow your nose forcefully several times. - Get all the water out of your nose.

This is from BMJ in 2014 at https://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5703/rr/778443.

Saline nasal irrigation may have some benefit in relieving symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infections, but the evidence is limited and of low quality, and further research is needed to establish its role as a standard intervention.

- Saline nasal irrigation can be helpful for treating symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infections. - The use of hypertonic saline nasal spray has been found to be effective in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms. - Nasal irrigation with isotonic saline can also be effective in treating and preventing rhinitis in children. - Saline nasal irrigation is a low-risk, low-cost intervention that can be easily performed at home.

This is from a journal article in 2023 at URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9475221/.

Nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution is effective in reducing the viral load for COVID-19 patients, according to a medical study.

- Nasal irrigation and oral rinse with sodium bicarbonate solution may aid in virus clearance for COVID-19 patients. - Masks are still needed for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. - Saline nasal irrigation has been shown to be effective for acute upper respiratory tract infections in infants and children. - Saline irrigation is effective for chronic rhinosinusitis. - Mouthwash may be effective in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. - Gargling with 75% sodium bicarbonate solution may aid in SARS-CoV-2 viremia clearance.

This is from Front Public Health in 2023 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053493/.

This book explores the use of a neti pot for nasal cleansing and how it can provide relief from symptoms of allergies and sinusitis, including congestion, headaches, itching, and sneezing.

This is from Archive.org in 2023 at https://archive.org/details/netipotforbetter0000jeff.

Nasal lavage, or nasal irrigation, is a better way to relieve nasal and sinus symptoms caused by hay fever, allergies, or sinus infections, as it removes allergens and pockets of infection, moisturizes the nasal lining, and makes it easier to breathe. Neilmed Sinus Rinse is an effective nasal irrigation device that holds 240 ml of liquid and delivers the solution with low but adequate pressure into the nasal passages, allowing for a thorough cleansing job.

- Blowing your nose can create a build-up of excess pressure in the sinus cavities. - Nasal lavage gets rid of any allergy-provoking material in your nose, clears your nose and makes it easier to breathe, moisturizes your nasal lining, and feels refreshing. - Effective nasal irrigation devices must have the capacity to hold a large volume of saline solution, the ability to deliver the solution with low but adequate pressure into the nasal passages, and the saline solution must travel up the nasal passage and out through the other nostril. - Neilmed Sinus Rinse ticks all the boxes for success.

This is from Laryngoscope in 2000 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10764089/. This is from the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 1998 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9802361/.

Saline irrigation can help ease sinus congestion, reduce allergy symptoms, and may play a role in COVID-19 recovery; it is an easy-to-use and widely available non-drug option that can save lives, and can be done with a neti pot or nasal spray.

- Saline irrigation can help ease sinus congestion and may also play an important role in recovery from COVID-19. - Saline nasal rinsing is an effective, inexpensive way to reduce allergy symptoms. - Nasal irrigation with saline can be helpful in cases of chronic sinus irritation. - You don’t have to use a neti pot to ease sinus congestion. You can use a more modern system of nasal irrigation, such as one made by NeilMed.

This is from Ear, Nose & Throat Journal in 2022 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36007135/.

Saline irrigations for the nose and sinuses can be an effective way to improve allergy symptoms and shorten the duration of a sinus infection, but it is important to speak to a doctor before using them and stop using if any pain or other problems occur.

- Saline irrigations can be highly effective in improving allergy symptoms and shortening the duration of a sinus infection. - Irrigating the sinuses can help prevent recurring sinusitis. - Salt itself has a property of preventing bacteria from growing. - During an acute sinus infection, rinsing the sinuses 2 to 3 times per day is effective. - Using saline irrigations can help decrease the bacteria count inside the nose and sinuses.

This is from Baylor College of Medicine Blog in 2014 at https://blogs.bcm.edu/2014/08/20/saline-irrigation-offers-natural-option-for-sinus-infection-allergy-relief/.

Nasal irrigation, which involves rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution, has been suggested to reduce the severity of COVID-19 by reducing viral load, sinus size, and buying immunologic time, and reduce the risk of infection by alkalinizing the nares and being sensitive to povidone-iodine solution; it is also suggested that mortality rates in countries where nasal irrigation is widespread are much lower than in countries without the practice.

- Nasal irrigation may help reduce the severity of COVID-19. - Nasal viral load is highly proportional to infectivity. - Mechanical reduction of cellular infection is possible through nasal irrigation. - Nasal irrigation works for other viruses. - Nasal antimicrobial reduces viral infections in bovine animals. - SARS-CoV-2 may have difficulty fusing with alkaline pH. - SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to povidone-iodine solution. - Mortality in countries where nasal irrigation is widespread is dramatically lower than in countries where irrigation is not standard.

This is from MedRxIV in 2020 at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.22.20217495v2.

Using a neti pot can help relieve nasal congestion and improve breathing by rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution, but it is important to use distilled or boiled water and follow proper cleaning and usage instructions to avoid potential risks.

- Neti pots are effective for relieving nasal congestion. - They help clear out built-up mucus and allergens. - Neti pots limit congestion, improve breathing, and relieve sinus pressure. - They provide these benefits without the side effects of medication. - It is important to use a neti pot correctly and safely. - Tap water should not be used; distilled, filtered, bottled, or boiled water should be used instead. - Cold solutions should be avoided, especially after sinus surgery. - Neti pots should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use. - Overuse of neti pots can lead to nasal passage irritation. - If issues persist, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider.

This is from Cleveland Clinic in 2023 at https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-are-neti-pots-and-do-they-work/.

Irrigating the sinuses twice a day with a saltwater solution may reduce the risk of hospitalization from Covid-19 by 8.5-fold, according to a clinical trial from Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, providing an easy and inexpensive method to help protect against Covid-19 for those with limited access to healthcare.

- Nasal irrigation with a simple saltwater solution can lead to an 8.5-fold reduction in hospitalization from Covid-19. - Reducing the amount of virus in the nose might give the immune system a better chance to react and control that growth before it got out of hand. - Patients who strictly adhered to nasal irrigation had fewer, shorter and less severe symptoms than people in the study who missed some of their saline rinses. - Premeasured packets of saline are inexpensive and can be purchased at any drug store.

This is from leaps.org in 2023. You can find the article here.

Sinusitis is a common condition caused by inflammation of the sinuses, and while antibiotics are often prescribed, research suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation is a more effective alternative that can improve mucociliary transit time and reduce symptoms.

- Antibiotics are unlikely to help many sinus infections. - Sinuses are air-filled pockets within the skull that contribute to conditioning the air we breathe, give resonance to our voice, assist in absorbing shock, reduce the weight of the skull, and contribute to facial growth. - Sinusitis is one of the most commonly diagnosed chronic illnesses in the United States, affecting 40 to 50 million Americans each year. - Chronic sinusitis can be a miserable condition that significantly impairs quality of life. - Biofilms allow bacteria to not only easily multiply, but also recruit other bacteria to join them. - Recent studies have shown that a simple surfactant can break up biofilms, allowing the immune system to do its job. - Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation has been shown to improve mucociliary transit times by 17 percent.

This is from Wall Street Journal in 2008 at https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122390720168630575.

Nasal irrigation with saline solution can significantly reduce the rate of COVID-19 hospitalization, according to a randomized trial conducted in Augusta, Georgia.

- Nasal irrigation initiated within 24 hours of a positive PCR test result reduces hospitalizations for COVID-19. - Patients who initiated isotonic saline nasal irrigation after a positive COVID-19 PCR test were 19 times less likely to be hospitalized than the national rate. - Further research is required to determine if adding povidone-iodine to irrigation reduces morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This is from Clinical Trial in 2021 at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.21262044v1.

Nasal irrigation is a safe and effective method for managing sinus problems, and while there is some evidence that it may reduce the duration and severity of COVID-19, it is too soon to say whether it is effective in preventing or lessening the risk of infection.

- Nasal irrigation is a safe and inexpensive treatment that can be performed at home. - Nasal irrigation is effective at managing a range of sinus problems. - There is some evidence that nasal irrigation may be helpful for people who are already infected with SARS-CoV-2. - It may reduce the duration of illness, and also may reduce the amount of virus that someone sheds.

This is from Connect UCLA Health in 2022 at https://connect.uclahealth.org/2022/03/28/nasal-irrigation-may-help-wont-hurt-with-covid-19/.

This journal article reviews the evidence-based literature on nasal irrigation, concluding that large-volume low-pressure nasal irrigation using undiluted seawater seems to be the most effective protocol for treating numerous sinonasal pathologies and postoperative care.

- Nasal irrigation is a technique that involves flushing the nasal passages with a saline solution. - Nasal irrigation can help to relieve symptoms of nasal congestion, sinusitis, and allergies. - There is evidence to suggest that nasal irrigation can improve mucociliary clearance, reduce inflammation, and improve symptoms. - Nasal irrigation is generally safe and well-tolerated, but it may cause side effects in some people. - Nasal irrigation can be performed using a variety of devices, including neti pots, squeeze bottles, and nasal irrigators.

This is from Journal in Year at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879729615001003.

Neti pots are an effective, non-pharmacologic method to clear mucus and debris from the nose, but it is important to use boiled or distilled water and to follow instructions to ensure safety.

- Neti pots are a type of nasal irrigation that can help treat congested sinuses, colds, and allergies. - Neti pots are safe to use when used as directed, but tap water should not be used. - Neti pots are effective in clearing mucus and debris from the nose, and can help alleviate allergy symptoms. - Nasal irrigation is generally recommended over saline sprays, except for treating dryness in the nostrils or front part of the nose.

This is from Prevention in 2023 at https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a39826346/do-neti-pots-work-nasal-irrigation/.

Saline nasal irrigation can be an effective treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, and may also be helpful for managing symptoms of mild to moderate allergic rhinitis and acute upper respiratory tract infections, according to consensus guidelines, although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for these conditions. Saline nasal irrigation is generally considered safe and can be easily performed at home with a neti pot or nasal spray bottle.

- A patient with leg pain that worsens with standing and improves with bending forward has a 75% probability of having lumbar spinal stenosis. - Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, lamotrigine, sodium valproate, and topiramate are effective in controlling seizures in newly diagnosed partial or generalized epilepsy. - Adding second-line drugs to usual treatment reduces seizure frequency in persons with drug-resistant partial epilepsy, but increases adverse effects such as dizziness and somnolence. - In persons who have been seizure-free for at least two years while on treatment, almost 60 percent of those who withdraw from antiepileptic treatment remain seizure-free, compared with almost 80 percent of persons who continue treatment. - High-dose supplemental vitamin D (482 to 770 IU per day) can reduce risk of nonvertebral fractures by at least 20 percent, and hip fractures by at least 18 percent. - Caffeine intake is directly correlated with small but notable fetal growth restriction. Although a safe threshold cannot be determined, maternal caffeine intake of less than 100 mg per day minimizes the risk of fetal growth restriction. - Patients started on rosiglitazone have higher rates of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for CHF than those using pioglitazone. The risks of MI or stroke are comparable for the two drugs.

This is from American Family Physician in 2009 at https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/1115/p1117.html.

Nasal irrigation, an ancient practice which involves rinsing the sinuses with salt-water solutions, can be an effective way to reduce sinus inflammation and prevent sinus infections, as long as proper safety guidelines are followed.

- Nasal irrigation can be an effective way to ease sinus inflammation and help prevent recurrent sinus infections. - Nasal irrigation is a type of personal hygiene that can be beneficial for sinus health. - Nasal irrigation works by the mechanical action of the liquid pouring into the sinuses that helps soften and ultimately dislodge some of the mucus lining. - It is crucial to rinse or irrigate the sinuses safely by using only distilled or boiled water and properly cleaning the device used to insert the water. - Adding salt to the nasal rinse can feel better since nasal passages are naturally salty. - There are several ways to get the water into the passages behind your nose, including using a squirt bottle, a pump designed for this purpose, or a vessel with a long spout called a neti pot.

This is from Everyday Health in 2023 at https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/irrigating-your-sinuses-with-neti-pots-nose-sprays/.

Nasal irrigation, an ancient practice of upper respiratory care, has been found to be effective in treating acute and chronic sinonasal conditions, but further research is needed to standardize methods and determine the best solutions, devices, and durations of treatment in order to be widely considered in treatment guidelines.

- Nasal irrigation is a medical procedure that is not well defined. - Saline irrigation can help with chronic sinonasal symptoms and after endoscopic sinus surgery. - Pulsatile nasal irrigation can help with the prognosis of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. - Saline irrigation can be an adjunctive treatment for allergic rhinitis and can reduce medication use in children. - Hypertonic saline nasal spray can improve symptoms and quality of life in persistent allergic rhinitis. - Saline solutions can impact mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies. - Peak nasal inspiratory flow reference values can be used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

This is from International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2017 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451967/.

Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation is more effective than isotonic saline in improving symptoms of rhinosinusitis, such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and headache, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

- Hypertonic saline (HS) nasal irrigation is more effective than isotonic saline (IS) in reducing symptoms of sinonasal diseases. - There is no difference in disease-specific quality of life between HS and IS nasal irrigation. - HS nasal irrigation may have greater minor side effects than IS. - HS is more effective in patients with rhinitis, patients under 18 years old, high volume saline irrigation, and hypertonicity of <3% or 3%-5%. - Buffered saline and operative status do not have an impact.

This is from International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology in 2018 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29774747/.

This article discusses the potential benefits of nasal irrigation and oral rinses in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection and suggests that they should be included as additional measures to current public health measures.

- Nasal irrigation and oral rinse may reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. - Saline Nasal Irrigations (SNIs) can reduce the viral load in the nasal cavities and improve the innate antiviral immunity of the nasal mucosa cells. - Oral rinses with antimicrobial agents can reduce the viral load in oral fluids. - SNIs and oral rinses are inexpensive, can be performed at home, and are rarely accompanied by adverse effects. - Randomized clinical trials on large populations are needed to verify the efficacy of SNIs and oral rinses in preventing the spread of COVID-19.

This is from International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology in 2018 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6201180/.

This study suggests that nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline or saline with surfactant may shorten symptom duration and reduce disease burden among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19, but caution should be taken in regards to potential viral dispersion or contamination.

- Nasal saline irrigation can reduce symptom burden in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. - Nasal congestion and headache resolved a median of 7-9 days earlier in the intervention groups. - Hypertonic nasal saline irrigations are a safe and inexpensive intervention to reduce symptom burden.

This is from Journal 2022 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7722064/.

Nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline is a more effective treatment than traditional saline for chronic rhinosinusitis, improving nasal symptoms and ciliary movement with mild side effects, but more research is needed to determine the exact manner and concentration of nasal irrigation.

- Nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline is more effective than traditional saline in treating chronic rhinosinusitis. - Hypertonic saline is significantly more effective than isotonic saline in improving nasal symptoms and ciliary movement. - There is no significant difference in imaging findings and smell improvement between hypertonic and isotonic saline. - Hypertonic saline has mild side effects and is worthy of widespread use in clinical practice. - It is still necessary to further study the exact manner and concentration of nasal irrigation.

This is from Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial in 2020 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32534983/.

Saline water gargling and nasal irrigation are simple and globally implementable strategies with therapeutic and prophylactic value that could limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and are harmless interventions.

- Saline water gargling and nasal irrigation can be attempted fairly easily by most individuals and are harmless approaches. - They can be easily implemented by individuals with mild symptoms, those facing obstacles to physician visits, and especially by those in home quarantine. - These are suitable options worth considering in the current crisis. - Specific clinical studies are warranted due to the lack of conclusive evidence.

This is from Journal in 2022 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7528968/.

A study conducted by researchers at Augusta University has found that twice-daily nasal irrigation with a mild saline solution can significantly reduce hospitalization and death from COVID-19.

- Twice daily flushing of the mucus-lined nasal cavity with a mild saline solution soon after testing positive for COVID-19 can significantly reduce hospitalization and death. - The technique can be used at home by mixing a half teaspoon each of salt and baking soda in a cup of boiled or distilled water then putting it into a sinus rinse bottle. - The technique is a safe, effective and inexpensive way to reduce the risk of severe illness and death from coronavirus infection that could have a vital public health impact. - The study appears to be the largest prospective clinical trial of its kind. - The older, high-risk population they studied — many of whom had preexisting conditions like obesity and hypertension — may benefit most from the easy, inexpensive practice. - The investigators found that less than 1.3% of the 79 study subjects age 55 and older who enrolled within 24-hours of testing positive for COVID-19 between Sept. 24 and Dec. 21, 2020, experienced hospitalization. No one died. - The reduction from 11% to 1.3% as of November 2021 would have corresponded in absolute terms to over 1 million fewer older Americans requiring admission.

This is from Ear, Nose & Throat Journal in 2022 at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01455613221123737?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&.

This article discusses the potential benefits and risks of using nasal saline irrigations to reduce the severity and transmission of viral upper respiratory infections, such as COVID-19, and suggests that they are likely safe to use in the presence of COVID-19, but proper hygiene and decontamination practices must be followed to prevent subsequent infections.

- Nasal saline irrigations may play a role in reducing viral severity and further transmission. - Topical nasal rinses physically disrupt the viscous surface layer, removing the mucus and its associated particulate matter. - Hypertonic nasal saline, which facilitates mucociliary clearance, likely decreases viral burden through physical removal. - Saline irrigations with or without indicated additives may be safe to use in the presence of COVID-19. - Patients should practice good hand hygiene and decontaminate the surrounding surfaces (eg, sink, counters) and plastic rinse bottle to prevent subsequent infection.

This is from JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery in 2020 at https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2768627.