Where Conspire began
Conspire began with a neti pot, in 2020: a cup of saltwater, a few minutes at the sink, about US$15 for the bottle.
Rinse it out
Rinsing flushes out bacteria, viruses and other particles that can cause infections, so it can help lower your risk of respiratory illness, including COVID-19. The research is below.
Tap water carries a rare risk
Caution
Used properly, nasal irrigation is safe. Tap water and poorly filtered water have caused rare but serious, even deadly, infections. Distilled or sterile water, tap water boiled for 3 to 5 minutes and cooled, or water passed through a filter made to trap infectious organisms avoids them. A dirty bottle can carry germs, and too much rinsing can irritate the nose.
Twice a day
People rinse with a squeezable bottle or a neti pot, with saltwater made at home or from pre-mixed packets.
For step-by-step guidance, see the University of Michigan’s Hypertonic Saline Nasal Irrigation (opens in a new tab) and the NY Sinus Center’s Sinus Facts: Why Hypertonic Saline Solutions Are Better Than Isotonic (opens in a new tab).
Make your own saltwater
- Boil 4 cups (about 950 mL) of tap water for 3 to 5 minutes, or use distilled or sterile water. Boiling kills microbes; it does not distill the water. (FDA (opens in a new tab))
- Pour it into a clean mason jar or other container that holds at least 1 litre (1 quart).
- Add 2 teaspoons of non-iodized sea salt or kosher salt. Not iodized table salt: it contains additives.
- Add 1 teaspoon of baking soda.
- Mix well.
- Let it cool until lukewarm before use. Keep it in a clean, closed container and use it within 24 hours. (FDA (opens in a new tab))
Or use the salt packets that come with nasal irrigation kits.
Daily use
- Use 1 cup (240 mL) of the solution each time, half a cup (120 mL) in each nostril.
- Some people like a neti pot (opens in a new tab); others find squeezable bottles (opens in a new tab) faster and easier.
Products
Nasopure Nasal Wash System Kit (opens in a new tab)
8 oz Nasopure Bottle, 20 Nasopure Buffered Salt Packets
Nasal Care (opens in a new tab)
NeilMed nasal care products
Quick reads
Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes
- Reviewed many studies and found that nasal and oral saline irrigation can be a safe, inexpensive, and complementary measure to help reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and relieve symptoms of COVID-19.
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling may help reduce viral load and improve patient outcomes in COVID-19.
- Saline may help improve mucosal dynamics and prevent persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
- Nasal irrigation and gargling with hypertonic saline may prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to care home residents.
- Gargling with povidone iodine has a short-term inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.
- Inhalation of saline may reduce the risk of infection with coronaviruses.
Can a neti pot relieve your cold and sinus symptoms? (opens in a new tab)
Learn more about this container designed to rinse debris or mucus from the nasal cavity.
What Is a Neti Pot and Why Should You Use One? (opens in a new tab)
By using a saline solution, it helps relieve sinus pressure and removes excessive mucus.
The research
56 papers chosen for this practice, each with its source and summary. After them, every study in the database that mentions nasal irrigation.
A study found that while low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation can reduce allergic rhinitis symptoms, it is no more effective than saline nasal irrigation.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal irrigation reduces allergic rhinitis symptoms.
- No significant side effects were reported with HOCl use.
- HOCl showed no additional benefit compared to saline nasal irrigation.
- Both treatments improved symptoms over four weeks.
Electrolyzed saline, produced through a custom-made apparatus, has shown promising results in cleaning root canal walls and removing the smear layer, offering a potential alternative to sodium hypochlorite as a root canal irrigant.
Key points
- Electrolyzed saline is an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation.
- Electrochemically activated water solutions show cleaning effectiveness in root canal irrigation.
- Electrochemically activated water has antimicrobial effectiveness as an endodontic irrigation solution.
Initiating nasal saline irrigation after COVID-19 diagnosis in high-risk outpatients significantly reduces the risk of hospitalization, according to a study.
Key points
- Initiating nasal saline irrigation after COVID-19 diagnosis reduces hospitalization and death in high-risk outpatients.
- Nasal irrigation with alkalinization resulted in no hospitalizations and one ED visit.
- Nasal irrigation participants were over 8 times less likely to be hospitalized than the national rate.
Nasal irrigation using a saline solution may help reduce the duration of anosmia (loss of smell) symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, according to a study.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation therapy can reduce the duration of anosmia symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
- Nasal irrigation aims to cleanse the sinuses from mucus, allergens, and air pollution.
- Nasal irrigation using saline solutions has been recognized as a nonpharmacological therapy for managing sinus disease.
- The study used a randomized controlled trial design to test the effectiveness of nasal irrigation in COVID-19 patients with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms.
- The intervention group that received nasal irrigation had a shorter duration of symptoms compared to the control group.
- Anosmia (loss of smell) was the most prevalent symptom among the study participants.
Effects of hypertonic alkaline nasal irrigation on COVID‐19 (opens in a new tab)
Hypertonic alkaline nasal irrigation may be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms, according to a study published in the Journal of Medical Research.
A nasal irrigation solution made from hypertonic seawater and natural ingredients significantly reduces the viral load of COVID-19 in patients, helping them test negative more quickly.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation with hypertonic seawater solution reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients.
- Patients using the solution tested negative for COVID-19 more frequently after 14 days.
- The treatment is safe and can help decrease virus transmission.
- Further research is needed to optimize irrigation methods and assess effectiveness against different viruses.
Show all 56 papersShow fewer papers
The study investigated the effect of nasal irrigation on children infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, finding that timely use of saline nasal irrigation may promote nucleic acid conversion and reduce symptom duration in children with the Omicron virus infection.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation can be beneficial for adults infected with the Omicron variant of COVID-19.
- Nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline has been shown to be effective in treating chronic rhinosinusitis.
- Nasal irrigation can improve mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies.
- Nasal saline irrigation is safe and can be considered as a treatment option for COVID-19.
- Nasal saline irrigation may help in washing away COVID-19.
- Nasal saline irrigation is beneficial for children with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling may reduce the duration of upper respiratory tract infection caused by coronaviruses, including COVID-19, according to a pilot study. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the full effectiveness of this intervention.
Key points
- Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling (HSNIG) reduced the duration of coronavirus upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) by an average of two-and-a-half days.
- HSNIG may offer a potentially safe, effective, and scalable intervention for COVID-19.
- HSNIG reduced the duration of URTI, over-the-counter medication use, transmission within household contacts, and viral shedding.
- Epithelial cells produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride ions, which has an antiviral effect against various viruses.
- SARS-CoV-2 titres are higher in the nose than the throat, suggesting that measures to control the infection and viral shedding can help reduce transmission.
- HSNIG reduced the duration of illness, blocked nose, cough, and hoarseness of voice in individuals infected with coronavirus.
- The findings suggest that HSNIG may have a role in reducing symptoms and duration of illness in COVID-19.
A study found that nasal saline irrigation can improve asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms in children, making it a beneficial treatment option.
Key points
- Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) may improve asthma and allergic rhinitis in children.
- Significant improvement in bronchial responsiveness (PC20) observed in the NSI group.
- Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores increased after 12 weeks of NSI.
- Quality of life scores for allergic rhinitis decreased in the NSI group.
- No significant changes in the control group.
Is nasal saline irrigation all it is cracked up to be? (opens in a new tab)
Nasal saline irrigation appears to have small clinical benefits for treating sinonasal diseases, and further studies are needed to optimize its efficacy.
Key points
- Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) has demonstrated improvement in symptoms as well as reduction in the use of rescue medications such as systemic corticosteroids when used as an adjunct or as sole treatment.
- NSI is usually well tolerated with minimal side effects.
- The exact mechanism(s) of action of NSI are not clearly understood, but it may enhance the movement of mucus toward the nasopharynx, directly clean the nasal mucosa, and aid in thinning nasal secretions.
- NSI is recommended for a variety of sinonasal conditions, including allergic rhinitis (AR), atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis of pregnancy, viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), CRS, acute rhinosinusitis, sinonasal sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, and as a postoperative adjunct after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).
- Overall, the data appear to demonstrate some small clinical benefit to nasal saline irrigation. Further definitive studies are needed to optimize efficacy.
This study suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation may be an effective treatment for chronic sinus symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and nasal polyposis.
Key points
- Saline nasal irrigation is an adjunctive therapy for rhinosinusitis and sinus symptoms.
- Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI) may be effective for symptoms associated with allergy, asthma, and nasal polyposis.
- Patients with frequent rhinosinusitis and daily sinus symptoms, symptoms of concomitant allergic rhinitis, asthma, or polyposis may improve with HSNI.
- Larger prospective studies are needed in patients with these diagnoses.
Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis (opens in a new tab)
Saline nasal irrigation is a useful addition to the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis, but its efficacy in acute rhinosinusitis is limited and still under investigation.
Key points
- Saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is a useful addition for treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms.
- SNI use in acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) therapy is controversial and has limited efficacy.
- Nasal douches are recommended for both CRS and ARS, along with isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions in CRS (in ARS to a limited extent).
- To prevent infections, it is essential to clean the nasal douche thoroughly and use the proper salt concentration (2-3.5%).
This study suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation (HSNI) may be an effective adjunctive treatment for chronic sinus symptoms, as well as for symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or nasal polyposis, but further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation with saline solution may help alleviate symptoms of chronic sinus conditions.
- Several studies have shown positive results in using nasal irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and nasal polyposis.
- Nasal irrigation can be done with hypertonic saline solution or isotonic saline solution.
- Nasal irrigation is generally safe and well-tolerated.
- Nasal irrigation may be used as an adjunct therapy for chronic sinus conditions.
Benefits and side effects of nasal irrigation in severe asthma (opens in a new tab)
Nasal irrigation can significantly improve nasal and chest symptoms in patients with severe asthma, making it an effective and low-cost treatment option with minimal side effects.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation improves nasal symptoms in 88% of severe asthma patients.
- 62% reported improvement in chest symptoms.
- Statistically significant reductions in SNOTT and ACQ scores after treatment.
- Few side effects reported; effective and inexpensive intervention.
- Should be recommended in severe asthma clinics.
Nasopharyngeal wash using hypertonic saline gargles and nasal wash may be useful in preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and further research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness.
Key points
- Nasopharyngeal wash can help prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections.
- There is no financial support or conflict of interest related to this research.
- Saline nasal irrigation can be effective in treating chronic rhinosinusitis and acute viral rhinitis.
- Gargling with hypertonic saline or green tea can help prevent upper respiratory tract infections.
- Chloride ions can augment the antiviral innate immune response in non-myeloid cells.
- Two outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in nursing homes were associated with rhinovirus.
- SARS-CoV-2 can remain stable on surfaces for a period of time.
Nasal and oral saline irrigation can be a safe, inexpensive, and complementary measure to help reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and relieve symptoms of COVID-19.
Key points
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling may help reduce viral load and improve patient outcomes in COVID-19.
- Saline may help improve mucosal dynamics and prevent persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
- Nasal irrigation and gargling with hypertonic saline may prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to care home residents.
- Gargling with povidone iodine has a short-term inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19.
- Inhalation of saline may reduce the risk of infection with coronaviruses.
This study used computational fluid dynamics to compare the effectiveness of using a Neti Pot versus a squeeze bottle for nasal saline irrigation, finding that the Neti Pot provided better coverage in the paranasal sinuses but at the expense of reduced flow and shearing rates, while the squeeze bottle provided greater surface coverage on the side of irrigation.
Key points
- Neti Pot irrigation is more effective in delivering saline solution to the nasal cavity on the contralateral side of irrigation due to typically larger volumes but at the expense of reduced flow and shearing rates.
- Squeeze bottle irrigation provided greater surface coverage on the side of irrigation.
- The Neti Pot increased surface coverage in the paranasal sinuses.
- Reducing the jet diameter may aid the direct targeting of a specific region at the side of irrigation by preventing the impingement of the jet to the nasal passage surface and redirection of the flow.
Hypertonic Saline Nasal Irrigation (opens in a new tab)
Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation involves using a saltwater solution to flush the nose, helping relieve congestion and improve airflow by removing mucus and reducing swelling in the nasal membranes.
Key points
- Hypertonic Saline Nasal Irrigation helps clear mucus and debris from the nose.
- It reduces swelling in nasal membranes, improving airflow.
- The solution can be made with distilled water, pickling salt, and baking soda.
- Irrigate 2-3 times a day using a syringe or Water Pik.
- A mild burning sensation may occur initially but usually subsides.
- Use hypertonic saline before nasal steroids for better effectiveness.
A study found that a seawater solution enriched with copper, hyaluronic acid, and eucalyptus for nasal lavage is safe and effective in improving nasal mucociliary clearance, and may have potential as a supportive therapy for acute rhinosinusitis.
Key points
- The article discusses the safety and performance evaluation of a seawater solution enriched with copper, hyaluronic acid, and eucalyptus for nasal lavage.
- The authors explore the effects of the solution on the respiratory system, including its potential to enhance mucociliary clearance and its antibacterial properties.
- The article provides a review of the relevant literature on respiratory health and the use of nasal lavage.
- The authors conclude that the solution shows promise as a safe and effective tool for maintaining respiratory health.
This study found that hypochlorous acid solution did not effectively kill bacteria in the nasal discharge of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after soaking for one or five minutes, suggesting that longer exposure might be necessary for antibacterial effects.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution did not show significant antibacterial effects on nasal discharge from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients within 5 minutes.
- Bacterial culture rates were similar for HOCl, normal saline, and povidone-iodine solutions.
- Alcohol showed better antibacterial activity but still had limitations.
- Longer exposure times may be necessary to observe antibacterial effects of HOCl and other solutions.
- Further studies are needed to explore the effectiveness of longer soaking durations.
This article reports on two cases of fatal primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by the presence of Naegleria fowleri in household plumbing, highlighting the importance of using appropriate water, such as distilled, boiled, or filtered water, for nasal irrigation.
Key points
- Two cases of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) were caused by contaminated tap water within a household.
- The cases highlight the changing epidemiology of PAM in the United States.
- The first case was caused by the use of a neti pot with contaminated tap water.
- The second case was caused by the use of tap water for sinus irrigation.
- The remediation of the hot water system and the use of distilled, filtered, or previously boiled water for nasal irrigation can reduce the risk of PAM.
- Nasal irrigation using saline solutions made with contaminated tap water does not seem to inactivate N. fowleri fast enough.
- The ability of commercially available reconstituted salt packets in the neti pot to inactivate N. fowleri was tested at the CDC laboratory.
- Environmental pathogens have emerged as well-documented biofilm colonizers within pipes found in manmade, engineered environmental habitats where they amplify in warm water niches such as water heaters, and shower heads.
- To better address this, improved and systematic environmental sampling of water bodies and systems in the United States is needed to create a baseline for N. fowleri occurrence, followed by systematic monitoring over time to better interpret, understand, and predict potential changes in N. fowleri ecology that could lead to improved prevention activities.
A low concentration solution of hypochlorous acid can effectively kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a useful option for nasal irrigation in patients with chronic sinusitis.
Key points
- Low concentration hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective for nasal irrigation.
- It shows over 99% bactericidal and fungicidal activity for most tested microorganisms.
- No toxicity observed in human nasal cells after treatment.
- Significant reduction in human influenza A virus was achieved.
A study found that using low-concentration hypochlorous acid for nasal irrigation significantly improved symptoms in patients with chronic sinusitis who did not respond to other treatments, compared to saline solution.
Key points
- Low-concentration hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal irrigation improves symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) better than saline irrigation.
- Significant symptom relief was observed in patients using HOCl after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.
- No significant adverse effects were reported from HOCl nasal irrigation.
- HOCl may serve as an effective adjunct therapy for patients with CRS who do not respond to standard medical treatments.
A new irrigation device for nasal cleaning has been shown to work much better than traditional rinse bottles, effectively removing mucus with a more efficient water flow and design.
Key points
- The novel irrigation device is more effective than the classic rinse bottle for nasal irrigation.
- It achieves up to 100% irrigation efficiency with lower water volumes and specific head positions.
- The device’s design allows for a continuous water stream directed to critical areas in the nasal cavity.
- The classic rinse bottle has limitations, often leaving residual mucus even with larger water volumes.
- Further studies are needed to evaluate the device’s clinical significance and patient comfort.
Sinus Flush: How to Do it Safely (opens in a new tab)
A sinus flush, also known as nasal irrigation, can help relieve congestion and sinus irritation caused by sinus infections, allergies, or colds, and is generally safe as long as sterile water is used, but those who have recently had sinus surgery should avoid cold water and follow other safety guidelines.
Key points
- A sinus flush is a safe and simple remedy for nasal congestion and sinus irritation that just about anyone can do at home.
- Saline can wash away allergens, mucus, and other debris, and help to moisten the mucous membranes.
- A sinus flush carries a small risk of infection and other side effects, but these risks can be easily avoided by following a few simple safety rules.
- Doctors most often recommend using saline irrigation for chronic sinusitis.
- A sinus flush can be effective at relieving nasal congestion and irritation, caused by a sinus infection, allergies, or a cold.
This clinical practice guideline emphasizes the importance of nasal irrigation as a first-line treatment for adults with chronic rhinosinusitis, providing evidence-based recommendations to improve patient care and outcomes.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation is recommended as a first-line treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
- The guideline provides 11 key action statements for effective nasal irrigation practices.
- Isotonic saline is preferred for nasal irrigation due to cost, convenience, and safety.
- Room-temperature saline is recommended for effectiveness, while heated saline (up to 40°C) is acceptable if preferred.
- Steroid solutions may be beneficial for patients post-endoscopic sinus surgery.
- Antibiotic and antifungal solutions are not recommended for routine use in nasal irrigation.
- Proper preparation of irrigation fluid is crucial to prevent infections.
- High-volume nasal irrigation is more effective than low-volume methods.
- Equipment should be regularly disinfected to avoid contamination.
- Head positioning can influence the effectiveness of nasal irrigation.
Nasal irrigation with saline solutions, such as seawater, can alleviate symptoms of upper respiratory conditions and reduce the need for medication. They may also have potential in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection and preventing pneumonia.
Key points
- Saline solutions can be used to treat upper respiratory conditions such as chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis.
- Hypertonic saline solutions may be more effective than isotonic saline solutions for nasal irrigation.
- Nasal saline irrigation may reduce the severity of COVID-19 in high-risk outpatients, but more research is needed.
- Nasal saline irrigation and gargling with saline water have been suggested as potential preventive measures against COVID-19, but more research is needed.
- Nasopharyngeal washes with saline solution may help prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections.
Nasal saline irrigation: a clinical update (opens in a new tab)
Nasal saline irrigation is a beneficial low-risk treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, but evidence is limited regarding the most optimal delivery method and saline composition.
Key points
- Nasal saline irrigation (NSI) is a common treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
- NSI is a safe and effective treatment option for CRS.
- High-volume, low-pressure devices are the most common method of administration.
- More evidence is required to determine the efficacy of this treatment.
- Contamination should be avoided and providers should thoroughly educate patients on NSI hygiene recommendations.
Is Rinsing Your Sinuses With Neti Pots Safe? (opens in a new tab)
Using neti pots and other nasal irrigation devices can be safe and effective for relieving nasal congestion, but it’s crucial to use distilled, sterile, or previously boiled water to avoid infections.
Key points
- Use distilled, sterile, or previously boiled water for nasal rinsing.
- Tap water can contain harmful organisms; avoid using it.
- Follow instructions carefully for nasal irrigation devices.
- Consult a healthcare provider if you have a compromised immune system.
- Ensure the device is suitable for the user’s age, especially for children.
- Report any problems with nasal rinsing devices to the FDA.
A study found that a specific isotonic diluted seawater nasal solution is more effective and safer for nasal hygiene compared to electrodialyzed seawater, helping maintain nasal health and protect against infections.
Key points
- Both Stérimar Nasal Hygiene (SNH) and electrodialyzed seawater (EDS) are safe for nasal use.
- SNH has an ionic balance closer to human plasma compared to EDS.
- SNH is more effective in maintaining nasal epithelium homeostasis after hypotonic stress.
- SNH showed better tissue recovery and morphology than EDS.
- The study supports the clinical benefits of seawater-based nasal hygiene solutions.
A study found that a diluted seawater solution is safe for human nasal use and helps improve nasal hygiene by enhancing mucus clearance and promoting faster healing of nasal tissue.
Key points
- Diluted seawater solution (SNH) is safe for nasal epithelial cells.
- SNH enhances mucociliary clearance (MCC), aiding in the removal of foreign particles.
- SNH promotes faster wound healing in the nasal cavity compared to saline solution.
- Regular nasal irrigation with isotonic solutions can help maintain nasal hygiene and reduce sinonasal issues.
Nasal Hygiene (opens in a new tab)
Cleaning your nose daily through nasal irrigation is important to remove mucus, dust, bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and the only effective way to do so is by using a package of 3-ounce disposable cups and a salt shaker with a snap lid to irrigate your nose with salt water.
Key points
- Nasal hygiene is important to prevent sickness.
- Nasal irrigation is the only effective way to clean your nose.
- Use a disposable cup and a salt shaker to make a saline solution.
- Too much or too little salt in the water will burn your nose.
- Bend over the sink, put your nose in the cup, and sniff.
- Blow your nose forcefully several times.
- Get all the water out of your nose.
Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections (opens in a new tab)
Saline nasal irrigation may have some benefit in relieving symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infections, but the evidence is limited and of low quality, and further research is needed to establish its role as a standard intervention.
Key points
- Saline nasal irrigation can be helpful for treating symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infections.
- The use of hypertonic saline nasal spray has been found to be effective in reducing the duration and severity of symptoms.
- Nasal irrigation with isotonic saline can also be effective in treating and preventing rhinitis in children.
- Saline nasal irrigation is a low-risk, low-cost intervention that can be easily performed at home.
A study found that using a nasal irrigation and oral rinse with a 5% sodium bicarbonate solution helps COVID-19 patients clear the virus more effectively compared to standard care alone.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation and oral rinse with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution effectively clear the virus in COVID-19 patients.
- Average negative conversion time after treatment was 1.63 days.
- Hospitalization time was significantly shorter for the experimental group (7.7 days) compared to the control group (12.53 days).
- This method is simple, inexpensive, and can be performed at home, making it accessible for patients.
- Further studies with larger populations are needed to confirm these findings.
The Neti Pot for Better Health (opens in a new tab)
This book explores the use of a neti pot for nasal cleansing and how it can provide relief from symptoms of allergies and sinusitis, including congestion, headaches, itching, and sneezing.
Nasal lavage in Hay Fever (opens in a new tab)
Nasal lavage, or nasal irrigation, is a better way to relieve nasal and sinus symptoms caused by hay fever, allergies, or sinus infections, as it removes allergens and pockets of infection, moisturizes the nasal lining, and makes it easier to breathe. Neilmed Sinus Rinse is an effective nasal irrigation device that holds 240 ml of liquid and delivers the solution with low but adequate pressure into the nasal passages, allowing for a thorough cleansing job.
Key points
- Blowing your nose can create a build-up of excess pressure in the sinus cavities.
- Nasal lavage gets rid of any allergy-provoking material in your nose, clears your nose and makes it easier to breathe, moisturizes your nasal lining, and feels refreshing.
- Effective nasal irrigation devices must have the capacity to hold a large volume of saline solution, the ability to deliver the solution with low but adequate pressure into the nasal passages, and the saline solution must travel up the nasal passage and out through the other nostril.
- Neilmed Sinus Rinse ticks all the boxes for success.
Will Saline Irrigation Ease Sinus Congestion? (opens in a new tab)
Saline irrigation can help ease sinus congestion, reduce allergy symptoms, and may play a role in COVID-19 recovery; it is an easy-to-use and widely available non-drug option that can save lives, and can be done with a neti pot or nasal spray.
Key points
- Saline irrigation can help ease sinus congestion and may also play an important role in recovery from COVID-19.
- Saline nasal rinsing is an effective, inexpensive way to reduce allergy symptoms.
- Nasal irrigation with saline can be helpful in cases of chronic sinus irritation.
- You don’t have to use a neti pot to ease sinus congestion. You can use a more modern system of nasal irrigation, such as one made by NeilMed.
Make your own saline rinse: Combat sinus infections (opens in a new tab)
Saline irrigations for the nose and sinuses can be an effective way to improve allergy symptoms and shorten the duration of a sinus infection, but it is important to speak to a doctor before using them and stop using if any pain or other problems occur.
Key points
- Saline irrigations can be highly effective in improving allergy symptoms and shortening the duration of a sinus infection.
- Irrigating the sinuses can help prevent recurring sinusitis.
- Salt itself has a property of preventing bacteria from growing.
- During an acute sinus infection, rinsing the sinuses 2 to 3 times per day is effective.
- Using saline irrigations can help decrease the bacteria count inside the nose and sinuses.
The Ins and Outs of Nasal Irrigation (opens in a new tab)
Nasal irrigation, which involves rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution, has been suggested to reduce the severity of COVID-19 by reducing viral load, sinus size, and buying immunologic time, and reduce the risk of infection by alkalinizing the nares and being sensitive to povidone-iodine solution; it is also suggested that mortality rates in countries where nasal irrigation is widespread are much lower than in countries without the practice.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation may help reduce the severity of COVID-19.
- Nasal viral load is highly proportional to infectivity.
- Mechanical reduction of cellular infection is possible through nasal irrigation.
- Nasal irrigation works for other viruses.
- Nasal antimicrobial reduces viral infections in bovine animals.
- SARS-CoV-2 may have difficulty fusing with alkaline pH.
- SARS-CoV-2 is sensitive to povidone-iodine solution.
- Mortality in countries where nasal irrigation is widespread is dramatically lower than in countries where irrigation is not standard.
What Are Neti Pots and Do They Work? (opens in a new tab)
Using a neti pot can help relieve nasal congestion and improve breathing by rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution, but it is important to use distilled or boiled water and follow proper cleaning and usage instructions to avoid potential risks.
Key points
- Neti pots are effective for relieving nasal congestion.
- They help clear out built-up mucus and allergens.
- Neti pots limit congestion, improve breathing, and relieve sinus pressure.
- They provide these benefits without the side effects of medication.
- It is important to use a neti pot correctly and safely.
- Tap water should not be used; distilled, filtered, bottled, or boiled water should be used instead.
- Cold solutions should be avoided, especially after sinus surgery.
- Neti pots should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use.
- Overuse of neti pots can lead to nasal passage irritation.
- If issues persist, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider.
Snot Fights Covid-19 (opens in a new tab)
Irrigating the sinuses twice a day with a saltwater solution may reduce the risk of hospitalization from Covid-19 by 8.5-fold, according to a clinical trial from Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, providing an easy and inexpensive method to help protect against Covid-19 for those with limited access to healthcare.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation with a simple saltwater solution can lead to an 8.5-fold reduction in hospitalization from Covid-19.
- Reducing the amount of virus in the nose might give the immune system a better chance to react and control that growth before it got out of hand.
- Patients who strictly adhered to nasal irrigation had fewer, shorter and less severe symptoms than people in the study who missed some of their saline rinses.
- Premeasured packets of saline are inexpensive and can be purchased at any drug store.
Stuffed Up? Solutions for Sinus Infections (opens in a new tab)
Sinusitis is a common condition caused by inflammation of the sinuses, and while antibiotics are often prescribed, research suggests that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation is a more effective alternative that can improve mucociliary transit time and reduce symptoms.
Key points
- Antibiotics are unlikely to help many sinus infections.
- Sinuses are air-filled pockets within the skull that contribute to conditioning the air we breathe, give resonance to our voice, assist in absorbing shock, reduce the weight of the skull, and contribute to facial growth.
- Sinusitis is one of the most commonly diagnosed chronic illnesses in the United States, affecting 40 to 50 million Americans each year.
- Chronic sinusitis can be a miserable condition that significantly impairs quality of life.
- Biofilms allow bacteria to not only easily multiply, but also recruit other bacteria to join them.
- Recent studies have shown that a simple surfactant can break up biofilms, allowing the immune system to do its job.
- Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation has been shown to improve mucociliary transit times by 17 percent.
Nasal irrigation with saline solution can significantly reduce the rate of COVID-19 hospitalization, according to a randomized trial conducted in Augusta, Georgia.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation initiated within 24 hours of a positive PCR test result reduces hospitalizations for COVID-19.
- Patients who initiated isotonic saline nasal irrigation after a positive COVID-19 PCR test were 19 times less likely to be hospitalized than the national rate.
- Further research is required to determine if adding povidone-iodine to irrigation reduces morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Nasal irrigation may help, won’t hurt with COVID-19 (opens in a new tab)
Nasal irrigation is a safe and effective method for managing sinus problems, and while there is some evidence that it may reduce the duration and severity of COVID-19, it is too soon to say whether it is effective in preventing or lessening the risk of infection.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation is a safe and inexpensive treatment that can be performed at home.
- Nasal irrigation is effective at managing a range of sinus problems.
- There is some evidence that nasal irrigation may be helpful for people who are already infected with SARS-CoV-2.
- It may reduce the duration of illness, and also may reduce the amount of virus that someone sheds.
Nasal irrigation: From empiricism to evidence-based medicine. A review. (opens in a new tab)
Nasal irrigation, especially with undiluted seawater, is highly effective for treating various nasal conditions and improving overall nasal health.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation is effective for treating sinonasal issues.
- Large-volume low-pressure irrigation with undiluted seawater is the most effective method.
- Seawater has beneficial components like bicarbonates, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
- Slightly alkaline pH enhances mucociliary function.
- No single irrigation solution is proven superior; further studies are needed.
Is Nasal Irrigation Safe, and Do Neti Pots Work? Doctors Weigh In (opens in a new tab)
Neti pots are an effective, non-pharmacologic method to clear mucus and debris from the nose, but it is important to use boiled or distilled water and to follow instructions to ensure safety.
Key points
- Neti pots are a type of nasal irrigation that can help treat congested sinuses, colds, and allergies.
- Neti pots are safe to use when used as directed, but tap water should not be used.
- Neti pots are effective in clearing mucus and debris from the nose, and can help alleviate allergy symptoms.
- Nasal irrigation is generally recommended over saline sprays, except for treating dryness in the nostrils or front part of the nose.
Saline Nasal Irrigation for Upper Respiratory Conditions (opens in a new tab)
Saline nasal irrigation can be an effective treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, and may also be helpful for managing symptoms of mild to moderate allergic rhinitis and acute upper respiratory tract infections, according to consensus guidelines, although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness for these conditions. Saline nasal irrigation is generally considered safe and can be easily performed at home with a neti pot or nasal spray bottle.
Key points
- A patient with leg pain that worsens with standing and improves with bending forward has a 75% probability of having lumbar spinal stenosis.
- Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, lamotrigine, sodium valproate, and topiramate are effective in controlling seizures in newly diagnosed partial or generalized epilepsy.
- Adding second-line drugs to usual treatment reduces seizure frequency in persons with drug-resistant partial epilepsy, but increases adverse effects such as dizziness and somnolence.
- In persons who have been seizure-free for at least two years while on treatment, almost 60 percent of those who withdraw from antiepileptic treatment remain seizure-free, compared with almost 80 percent of persons who continue treatment.
- High-dose supplemental vitamin D (482 to 770 IU per day) can reduce risk of nonvertebral fractures by at least 20 percent, and hip fractures by at least 18 percent.
- Caffeine intake is directly correlated with small but notable fetal growth restriction. Although a safe threshold cannot be determined, maternal caffeine intake of less than 100 mg per day minimizes the risk of fetal growth restriction.
- Patients started on rosiglitazone have higher rates of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for CHF than those using pioglitazone. The risks of MI or stroke are comparable for the two drugs.
Neti Pots and More: 6 Smart Nasal Irrigation Tips (opens in a new tab)
Nasal irrigation, an ancient practice which involves rinsing the sinuses with salt-water solutions, can be an effective way to reduce sinus inflammation and prevent sinus infections, as long as proper safety guidelines are followed.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation can be an effective way to ease sinus inflammation and help prevent recurrent sinus infections.
- Nasal irrigation is a type of personal hygiene that can be beneficial for sinus health.
- Nasal irrigation works by the mechanical action of the liquid pouring into the sinuses that helps soften and ultimately dislodge some of the mucus lining.
- It is crucial to rinse or irrigate the sinuses safely by using only distilled or boiled water and properly cleaning the device used to insert the water.
- Adding salt to the nasal rinse can feel better since nasal passages are naturally salty.
- There are several ways to get the water into the passages behind your nose, including using a squirt bottle, a pump designed for this purpose, or a vessel with a long spout called a neti pot.
Nasal Irrigation: An Imprecisely Defined Medical Procedure (opens in a new tab)
Nasal irrigation, an ancient practice of upper respiratory care, has been found to be effective in treating acute and chronic sinonasal conditions, but further research is needed to standardize methods and determine the best solutions, devices, and durations of treatment in order to be widely considered in treatment guidelines.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation is a medical procedure that is not well defined.
- Saline irrigation can help with chronic sinonasal symptoms and after endoscopic sinus surgery.
- Pulsatile nasal irrigation can help with the prognosis of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
- Saline irrigation can be an adjunctive treatment for allergic rhinitis and can reduce medication use in children.
- Hypertonic saline nasal spray can improve symptoms and quality of life in persistent allergic rhinitis.
- Saline solutions can impact mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies.
- Peak nasal inspiratory flow reference values can be used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Using hypertonic saline for nasal irrigation can reduce symptoms of sinonasal diseases more effectively than isotonic saline, although it may cause more minor side effects.
Key points
- Hypertonic saline (HS) nasal irrigation is more effective than isotonic saline (IS) for reducing symptoms of sinonasal diseases.
- No significant difference in quality of life between HS and IS.
- HS may cause more minor side effects compared to IS.
- Younger patients and those with rhinitis benefit more from HS.
- High-volume saline irrigation is more effective than low-volume.
Could nasal irrigation and oral rinse reduce the risk for COVID-19 infection? (opens in a new tab)
Using saline nasal irrigation and antimicrobial oral rinses may help reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection by lowering the viral load in the nasal cavities and oral fluids, offering additional preventive measures alongside traditional public health strategies.
Key points
- Nasal irrigation and oral rinses may reduce COVID-19 risk.
- Saline nasal irrigations (SNIs) can lower viral load in nasal cavities.
- Oral rinses with antimicrobial agents can reduce viral load in oral fluids.
- Both methods should complement existing public health measures.
- More research is needed to confirm effectiveness in preventing COVID-19.
This study suggests that nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline or saline with surfactant may shorten symptom duration and reduce disease burden among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19, but caution should be taken in regards to potential viral dispersion or contamination.
Key points
- Nasal saline irrigation can reduce symptom burden in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
- Nasal congestion and headache resolved a median of 7-9 days earlier in the intervention groups.
- Hypertonic nasal saline irrigations are a safe and inexpensive intervention to reduce symptom burden.
A pilot study found that using hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling can significantly reduce the duration and severity of common cold symptoms in adults.
Key points
- Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling (HSNIG) can reduce the duration of common cold symptoms by about 1.9 days.
- 87% of participants found HSNIG acceptable; 93% felt it improved their symptoms.
- HSNIG led to a 36% reduction in over-the-counter medication use.
- There was a 35% decrease in the transmission of the virus to household contacts.
- A larger trial is needed to confirm these findings.
Using hypertonic saline for nasal irrigation is more effective than isotonic saline in alleviating symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis, though it does not significantly improve smell or imaging results.
Key points
- Hypertonic saline is more effective than isotonic saline for treating chronic rhinosinusitis.
- It significantly improves nasal symptoms and ciliary movement.
- No significant difference in smell improvement or imaging findings.
- Mild side effects noted with hypertonic saline.
- Further research needed on optimal use and concentration.
Saline water gargling and nasal irrigation may help reduce the risk of COVID-19 by targeting the virus in the upper respiratory tract, despite limited evidence of their effectiveness.
Key points
- Limited evidence on saline gargling and nasal irrigation’s effectiveness against COVID-19.
- These methods are simple, economical, and globally implementable.
- Previous studies suggest potential benefits in reducing viral load and preventing infections.
- Saline solutions may help clear pathogens from the upper respiratory tract.
- Considered harmless and can be easily practiced by individuals, especially in home quarantine.
- Further clinical studies are needed for conclusive evidence.
Twice-daily nasal irrigation reduces COVID-related illness, death (opens in a new tab)
Regularly rinsing your nose with a saline solution after testing positive for COVID-19 can significantly lower the risk of hospitalization and death.
Key points
- Twice-daily nasal irrigation with saline can significantly reduce COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths.
- The method is safe, inexpensive, and can be done at home.
- Participants aged 55 and older showed only 1.3% hospitalization rate when treated early.
- The technique may help flush out viruses and reduce symptom severity.
- Previous research supports nasal irrigation’s effectiveness against various viruses.
- Simplicity and safety make it a recommended practice for COVID-19 patients.