Hypoclorous acid, or HOCl (sometimes called neutral electrolysed water or super-oxidized solution), is a natural and effective solution for disinfecting and cleaning, which can reduce the spread of infectious diseases.
It’s the original disinfectant.
HOCl is produced by white blood cells within the bodies of all mammals (humans included). At the right concentrations (see below), it’s really good at killing harmful viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Which means that regular disinfecting with HOCl can help prevent the spread of harmful bugs and viruses to keep communities healthier.
It’s safe.
HOCl is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional disinfectants like bleach and ammonia. It can be used on various surfaces, including fabrics, plastics, metals, and skin. It’s widely used in hospitals, offices, and restaurants, and nasal sprays to fight COVID-19.
It’s has many proven uses.
When it comes to hygiene, HOCl is used to sanitize surfaces and disinfect the air. It’s also widely used for mouth care, wound care, skin care, eye care and veterinary care. It’s approved as a no-rinse sanitizer for washing organic food. It even reduces compost odor and kills pests and black mold.
No wonder it has been called a miracle liquid.
We know, it sounds too good to be true. We thought so too. But this stuff really does work.
Of course there are caveats and cautions. Though many uses have been approved by regulatory agencies like the FDA and EPA, it’s important understand these:
Some example uses and their associated concentrations
At lower pH levels (more acidic conditions), HOCl is favored over the hypochlorite ion (OCl-), which is its less effective form. As the pH increases, the equilibrium shifts towards the formation of the hypochlorite ion.
Maintaining a pH level within the recommended range ensures that a higher proportion of the chlorine is present as HOCl, which is the more potent and effective disinfecting form.
For specific applications, especially medical or industrial settings, it's advisable to consult the manufacturer's guidelines or relevant regulatory standards to ensure the correct pH level for optimal disinfection performance.
Finally, how to make it at home:
And where to buy it:
Videos
Research
| Name | Summary | Key Points | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
A new solution containing hypochlorous acid has shown potential as a treatment to reduce viral load in the upper respiratory tract and is non-irritant for nasal and oral mucosa, and further clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. | - A sprayable solution containing hypochlorous acid (AOS2020) can efficiently and safely inactivate SARS-CoV-2. - This solution has the potential to be used as an adjunctive therapy for non-severe COVID-19 and as a disinfectant for upper respiratory tract hygiene. - Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against other viruses and bacteria. - Nasal irrigation and gargling with hypertonic saline or carrageenan nasal spray have also been studied as potential treatments for respiratory infections. | This is from Journal in 2023 at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00405-021-06644-5. | |
This medical study investigated the antibacterial effect of hypochlorous acid solution on nasal discharge from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and found that the solution did not exert an antibacterial effect within 5 minutes, suggesting that a longer duration may be needed for any antibacterial activity to manifest. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution did not exert an antibacterial effect on nasal secretion from CRS patients within 5 minutes. - Alcohol showed good antibacterial activity. - Irrigation of the nose with an antibacterial fluid such as HOCl or PVPI for a longer period may be needed to observe any antibacterial activity. | This is from International Journal of Otolaryngology in 2018 at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijoto/2018/8568694/. | |
This study found that the presence of chloride ions in non-myeloid cells increases the production of hypochlorous acid, which inhibits viral replication, suggesting that chloride ions may be a potential therapeutic target for antiviral therapies. | - Chloride ions can augment the antiviral innate immune response in non-myeloid cells by increasing intracellular hypochlorous acid levels. - There are specific methods for detecting hypochlorous acid for imaging of microbe-induced HOCl production. - Reactive oxygen species are required for antiviral response, and DUOX plays a role in influenza A virus infection. - Cutaneous Na+ storage strengthens the antimicrobial barrier function of the skin and boosts macrophage-driven host defense. | This is from Scientific Reports in 2018 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6134045/. | |
A study found that hypochlorous acid nasal spray was as effective as saline nasal irrigation in treating chronic rhinosinusitis patients who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and could be a convenient alternative in post-surgery care. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal spray is as effective as saline nasal irrigation in treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients who have undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). - HOCl nasal spray is convenient to use and can be an alternative to saline nasal irrigation in post-FESS care. - The study found a significant reduction in endoscopic score after 2 months of HOCl nasal spray. - The study found a significant reduction in TWSNOT-22 score after normal saline (NS) nasal irrigation. | This is from Am J Otolaryngol in 2022 at https://ciplamed-library.com/content/can-hypochlorous-acid-nasal-spray-be-an-alternative-to-saline-nasal-irrigation-in-crs. | |
This study found that a slightly acidic hypochlorous acid mouthwash was more effective than a chlorhexidine mouthwash at reducing dental plaque and bacteria associated with oral diseases, and may be a safer and more effective alternative to chlorhexidine. | - Gargling with slightly acidic hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was found to be effective in reducing halitosis, O’Leary index measurement, and Snyder test, and remarkably decreased bacterial motility and Filamentous bacteria. - The use of HOCl as a mouthwash rather than CHX, which is commonly used in dental practice but has side effects, will contribute to the prevention of oral diseases and will inhibit the adhesion of dental plaque to the teeth. | This is from Biomedical Research in 2023 at https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/comparison-of-the-preventive-effects-of-slightly-acidic-hocl-mouthwash-and-chx-mouthwash-for-oral-diseases-10156.html. | |
The use of hypochlorous acid nasal spray after functional endoscopic sinus surgery showed similar efficacy to normal saline nasal irrigation, and may be a convenient alternative for postoperative care. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal spray is effective as an adjuvant therapy after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). - HOCl nasal spray had a similar effect to that of normal saline (NS) nasal irrigation in post-FESS care. - HOCl nasal spray can be an alternative to NS nasal irrigation for post-FESS care due to its convenient application. | This is from International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology in 2021 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196070921003653. | |
A low concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation solution was found to be effective in killing bacteria, fungi, and viruses, without showing any toxicity to human nasal epithelial cells. | - A low concentration hypochlorous acid solution can be used as an effective nasal irrigation solution. - The solution has bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal effects on microorganisms that cause chronic sinusitis. - The solution did not show any toxicity on human primary nasal epithelial cells. | This is from The Laryngoscope in 2008 at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1097/MLG.0b013e31817f4d34. | |
Hypochlorous acid is a safe and effective disinfectant that is not widely used in hospitals in North America, despite being approved by various organizations and having benefits such as being cost-effective and environmentally responsible. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a safe, nontoxic and effective disinfectant solution. - HOCl is the most powerful oxidant in the chlorine family and is more effective than bleach. - HOCl is used in wound care, skin disinfection, food safety, water treatment, purification of oil and natural gas wells, deodorization and skin products, and as a food-safe sanitizer on both food products and food preparation surfaces. - HOCl is a strong disinfectant in health care and is an excellent cleaning solution. - HOCl is safe for staff who use it as well as for the patients and family members who are the beneficiaries of the cleaning and disinfecting process. - HOCl is safe for the health care environment and the waste stream. - HOCl is cost-effective. | This is from HFMA Magazine in 2022 at https://www.hfmmagazine.com/articles/4458-exploring-the-use-of-hypochlorous-acid-for-disinfection. | |
This is an application submitted to the WHO to add hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to the Essential Medicines List for its effectiveness as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and wound care product, backed up by extensive research and evidence. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a disinfectant, antiseptic, and wound care agent. - HOCl has been shown to have virucidal activity against avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. - HOCl has been evaluated for use in surgical breast pocket irrigation, peritoneal lavage, and diabetic foot infections. - HOCl has been shown to be effective in killing bacteria, fungi, and viruses. - HOCl has been evaluated for use in wound care, with studies showing it can decrease tissue bacterial bioburden and promote wound healing. - HOCl has been used in burn care and has been shown to be effective in treating burns. - HOCl has been evaluated for use in reducing infection in chronic venous leg ulcers and mild diabetic foot infections. - HOCl has been evaluated for use in reducing bacterial bioburden in surgical wounds. - HOCl has been shown to be effective in killing biofilms. - HOCl has been evaluated for use in peritoneal lavage to prevent surgical site infection. | This is from "Wounds" in 2016 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4950106/. This is from "Journal of Wound Care" in 2016 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701372. This is from "International Wound Journal" in 2020 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32061080. This is from "Wounds" in 2020 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32167510. This is from "Toxicology Database DSSTox" at https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/dsstoxdb/results?utf8=✓&search=Hypochlorous+acid&search_type=exact_match. This is from "Toxic Substances and Disease Registry" at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp160.pdf. This is from "Development and Reproductive Toxicology Database" at https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/dart.htm. This is from "European Bioinformatics Institute of EMBL" at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28919. | |
A study has found that a hypochlorous acid eye spray with a concentration of 0.01% may be effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, and can be used as an additional protection measure for healthcare personnel and the general population, although further clinical studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness and safety as a virucidal against SARS-CoV-2 and the maximum duration of continuous use. | - Hypochlorous acid at a concentration of 0.01% could be recommended as an additional protection measure for healthcare personnel against COVID-19. - Its use could even be considered in the general population to reduce the viral load and/or prevent transmission of the infection. - Further clinical studies would be necessary to confirm its effectiveness and safety as a virucidal against SARS-CoV-2, as well as the maximum duration of continuous use. | This is from Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol in 2023 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8598944/. | |
A study comparing the effectiveness of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal irrigation to saline nasal irrigation in reducing allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms found that both groups showed improvement in symptoms, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. HOCl did not show any additional improvement in symptoms compared to saline nasal irrigation for patients with perennial AR. | - Low-concentration hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal irrigation can help reduce allergic rhinitis symptoms. - HOCl has antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects without toxicity. - HOCl nasal irrigation did not show additional improvement in symptoms compared with saline nasal irrigation for patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. - The study was multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. - The study involved 139 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, but 25 did not successfully complete the study. - Participants completed the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) at every visit, and Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) was determined before and after nasal irrigation every morning and evening. - There were no significant differences in the change of TNSS between the HOCl and saline groups. - The HOCl group did not show any clinical side effects related to nasal irrigation. | This is from PubMed in 2023 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34236253/. | |
This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of nebulized hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant for indoor environments, finding it to be an effective and safe option for preventing virus and bacteria growth without affecting lung and skin tissues. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can be effective, safe, harmless-for-humans and low-cost for disinfection. - Nebulization of HOCl at 300 ppm can reduce microbial growth and have a virucidal effect against Coronavirus 229E and Adenovirus V. - HOCl nebulization at 10000 ppm can cause necrosis, pycnotic nuclei and cytoplasmic disaggregation in HaCaT cells. - HOCl nebulization at 300 and 5000 ppm can cause extensive vacuolization, cytoplasmic degranulation and structural loss of organelles in HaCaT cells. - HOCl nebulization at 300 ppm has no significant cytotoxicity on Epiderm and Epiairway tissues. - HOCl nebulization at 300 ppm can maintain Epiderm and Epiairway barrier function. - HOCl nebulization at 300 ppm can cause some cells with pycnotic nuclei and expanded cytoplasm in contact with neighboring cells in HaCaT cells. | This is from International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2022 at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013163. | |
This preprint reports on experiments with inhaling hypochlorous acid as a potential intervention in respiratory virus infections, including SARS CoV-2, and provides evidence that it can inactivate the virus without causing pathological changes in experimental animals and without serious adverse effects in humans exposed to the aerosol. However, the article is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. | - Inhalation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has been shown to be effective in treating COVID-19 patients and preventing the virus from spreading. - HOCl has antimicrobial properties and can inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. - HOCl is safe for inhalation and has no adverse effects on animals or humans. - HOCl has anti-inflammatory properties and can intervene in the pathogenic pathways of COVID-19 beyond its antiviral efficacy. - HOCl can be produced in industrial quantities and readily distributed to local pharmacies and clinics without special requirements for transport or storage conditions. | This is from Research Square in 2023 at https://europepmc.org/article/PPR/PPR411633. | |
A study found that inhaling microaerosolized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as a respiratory protection against viral infections is safe and effective, and may have potential therapeutic applications in the management of COVID-19 beyond its antiviral efficacy. | - Inhalation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has been shown to be an effective therapeutic intervention in the treatment of COVID-19 virus-infected patients, halting the progression of symptoms and speeding their return to normal. - None of the animals exposed to microaerosolized HOCl by inhalation for 4 hours showed any adverse signs in behavior, nor any gross or microscopic changes upon necropsy. - Acute exposure of ocular tissues of rabbits also proved entirely uneventful and without evidence of any irritant effects or adverse consequences. - The amount of active chlorine declined markedly in aerosolized HOCl droplets expressed through the microaerosolizing nozzle, falling by more than 60% by the time they reached the inhalation point for seated subjects and the sample point for antimicrobial efficacy. - Homogenous and stable forms of HOCL can now be produced in industrial quantities and readily distributed to local pharmacies and clinics without special requirements for transport or storage conditions. | This is from Archives of Internal Medicine Research in 2022 at https://fortuneonline.org/articles/inhalation-of-microaerosolized-hypochlorous-acid-hocl-biochemical-antimicrobial-and-pathological-assessment.html. | |
This study found that low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation can be an effective adjunct therapy for chronic sinusitis symptoms. | - Low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation can be a useful adjuvant therapy for chronic sinusitis. - Nasal saline irrigation is a simple, inexpensive, and generally well-tolerated treatment with very few side effects or risks. - The appropriate application of medical therapies for chronic sinusitis is necessary to optimize patient quality of life (QoL) and daily functioning, and minimize the risk of acute inflammatory exacerbations. - The bacterial culture rates were lower in the HOCl group than in the placebo group after 4 weeks of treatment, although the difference was not statistically significant. - The present study analyzed the efficacy of nasal irrigation using low-concentration HOCl for the patients with CRS refractory to medical therapy. | This is from International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology in 2017 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27853946/. | |
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a natural part of our internal defense system that helps fight against harmful pathogens, and can be used as an effective disinfectant and healing agent with no adverse effects, making it a promising technology for a variety of applications. | - HOCl is a natural part of our internal defense system, produced by white blood cells through a process called phagocytosis. - HOCl is the front line of our defense system and serves the dual purpose of fighting all types of germs that try to invade us and triggering a series of biochemical chain reactions to stimulate rapid healing and restore normal structure and function. - When produced outside the body, HOCl is an electrolyzed, antimicrobial, biocide solution that inactivates pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi. - Harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, spores and viruses, can be found all around us — in the air, on food, plants, animals, and on inanimate surfaces. - The human body uses innate, non-specific mechanisms as the first line of defense against pathogens, infection and injury. - The skin itself, and mucous secretions at epithelial membranes, are both important elements of the innate resistance response. - HOCl is immediately generated by the body in response as the key chemical component of innate immunity. - HOCl hurries healing, works to mitigate scarring, to clear a myriad of skin issues and conditions, can be misted to permeate small crevices for effective odor control and sanitation. - HOCl has been shown to reduce skin aging, stimulate immunity to germs, and produce powerful local stimulants of wound healing/germ killing. - HOCl makes new skin cells grow over wounds and reorganizes scar fibers. - While the 100 year history of Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) has provided indisputable evidence of its efficacy in healing and use in disinfection, the widespread use of HOCl has remained fairly stagnant, and the primary limiting factor to broad adoption of this important technology, historically, has been due to its lack of stability. | - Reduces skin aging (anti-wrinkle effect): This is from Journal of Clinical Investigation in 2013 at https://www.jci.org/articles/view/70895. - Makes blood clot in wounds: This is from The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery in 2010 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2810979/. - Causes fibrinogen oxidation, firmer clots and longer clot lysis period: This is from The Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2013 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514520/. - Stimulates immunity to germs: This is from The Journal of Immunology in 2010 at https://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/2/824.full?sid=596e6dd4-43ca-47e9-98f5-770ee2b1f3eb. - Produces powerful local stimulants of wound healing/germ killing: This is from The Journal of Immunology in 2010 at https://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/2/824.full?sid=596e6dd4-43ca-47e9-98f5-770ee2b1f3eb. - Makes new skin cells grow over wounds and reorganizes scar fibers: This is from Medscape in 2015 at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/838158. - Leads to long lasting local effects in the body: This is from Medscape in 2015 at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/838158. | |
This article discusses the use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as a disinfectant, its effectiveness against various microorganisms, and its potential use in dentistry, with a focus on its potential as a disinfectant against COVID-19. | - Hypochlorous acid is a powerful disinfectant that can be used to combat viruses and bacteria. - It has been shown to be effective against avian influenza virus and other pathogens. - Hypochlorous acid can be generated using specialized equipment or purchased as a pre-made solution. - It is important to follow proper safety protocols when handling hypochlorous acid to avoid injury or damage to surfaces. | This is from Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in 2020 at https://www.joms.org/article/S0278-2391(20)30672-8/fulltext/. | |
Hypochlorous acid (HOCL) is a disinfectant naturally produced by the immune system and has been proven to be effective against various pathogens, including the COVID-19 virus, and can penetrate biofilms, making it a promising treatment for periodontal disease. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCL) was identified in 1811 and isolated in 1823. - HOCL was used to irrigate wounds during World War I and treated soldiers recovered in half the time as non-treated soldiers. - HOCL is produced within every mammal's immune response and is "native" chemistry to the human body. - HOCL is effective against COVID-19 and fights infections on many levels. - HOCL is the only form of chlorine produced naturally by the body. - There is now more than one method to produce a stabilized HOCL. - HOCL will penetrate biofilms which is the habitat that bacteria resides. - HOCL has been extensively studied for its safety and biocompatibility. | This is from Catalyst in 2020 at https://www.burkhartdental.com/hypochlorous-acid-hocl-not-novel-but-essential/. | |
Hypochlorous acid is a natural part of the human body's immune system and can be used to effectively treat a variety of skin conditions, including acne, eczema, and dermatitis, without harming the skin's protective microbiome. | - Hypochlorous acid is a naturally occurring compound produced by our white blood cells and is an essential part of our innate immune system. - It is effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi and is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. - It can help reduce blemishes, treat acne, soothe eczema, reverse markers of epidermal ageing, protect against environmental toxins, reduce the formation of future scarring, fight bacteria, and cleanse the skin. - It aids in treating and preventing dermatitis ('maskne') caused by the continuous wearing of masks. - When manufactured correctly, it can be delivered to all layers of the skin, ensuring maximum benefits. - It is highly anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal and is an excellent anti-inflammatory with immune-modulatory effects. - It can treat chronic or inflammatory skin conditions like acne, psoriasis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. - It can prepare the skin before a treatment and boost the skin's ability to repair itself after aesthetic and dermatologic procedures. - It soothes and supports the skin's natural defenses against irritation, inflammation, and post-procedural sensitivities while targeting signs of aging and inflammation of the skin. | This is from Thoclor Labs in 2023 at https://thoclor.com/benefits-hocl/?v=e4dd286dc7d7. | |
Hypochlorous acid is a natural disinfectant that can help protect against COVID-19 and is gentle enough for use on sensitive skin, according to dermatologists. It can also help prevent acne and is effective in destroying bacteria, fungi, and viruses. | - Hypochlorous acid is a substance naturally created by our white blood cells to prevent infection, bacteria and injury to the skin. - It can help protect against COVID-19 virus and maskne. - It can destroy bacteria, fungi and viruses without being toxic to humans, so it’s been manufactured as a disinfectant cleaning agent as well. - Hypochlorous acid sprays can be extra useful for anyone prone to maskne. - It does not sting or burn on application and it is also a great hand sanitizer without the dryness of alcohol. | This is from NewBeauty in 2023 at https://www.newbeauty.com/hypochlorous-acid-skin-care/. | |
The COVICONTROL study is a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a nasal and mouth spray containing hypochlorous acid in treating hospitalized and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, and is estimated to enroll 400 participants and be completed in September 2023. | - The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nasal and mouth spray application with hypochlorous acid-containing solution versus placebo as a curative treatment for hospitalized and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. - The COVICONTROL study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. - The study will be conducted in Tunisia at the COVID patient management centers in the emergency departments of Monastir (Fattouma Bourguiba) and Sousse (Hospital Of Sahloul). - The study will enroll 400 participants. - Patients will receive either a spray of solution containing hypochlorous acid or a placebo according to the predetermined randomization. - The primary endpoint in all included patients is the change in viral load between Day 1 and Day 3. - The secondary endpoints include duration of symptoms, need for hospitalization, need for intensive care, need for ventilatory support, and contamination. - Patients with symptoms of COVID who are over 18 years of age and whose nasal swabs have been positive for SARS-CoV-2 based on RT-PCR testing less than 3 days are eligible to participate. - Patients must have the ability to understand and be willing to sign a written informed consent document from the patient or legal representative. | This is from clinicaltrials.gov in 2023 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05862480. | |
This medical trial aims to test the safety and effectiveness of hypochlorous acid as a nasal spray to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk health personnel, and could potentially contribute to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. | - Hypochlorous acid (HClO) could contribute to reducing the viral load and the risk of contamination of patients and professionals. - The therapeutic uses of HClO began in the First World War and its safety has been proven in preclinical trials. - HClO has been tested against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, reducing virus particles without affecting human cells. - A RCT with the use S-HClO as a prevention treatment for the infection by SARS-CoV-2 in health professionals is proposed. | This is from a clinical trial in 2023 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04684550. | |
This patent discusses the use of non-toxic antimicrobial agents, including oxychlorine, hypochlorous acid, and superoxidized water, for the treatment and prevention of various diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. | - The document describes a system to prevent, treat, and/or reduce the chance of experiencing a harmful effect from an actual or perceived exposure to a pathogenic microorganism in a mammal in need thereof, comprising an agent to prevent, treat and/or reduce the chance of experiencing the harmful effect, and a vehicle to dispense the agent to the mammal to prevent, treat and/or reduce the chance experiencing the harmful effect. - The agent comprises oxychlorine compounds, about 99.99% oxidized water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hypochlorous acid (HOCI) and sodium chloride (NaCl). - The system can be administered via an aerosol, topical, ocular, nasal, oral, auricular, anal, vaginal, urethral, transmucosal, transdermal, enteral, or parental route. | This is from Patent in 2010 at https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2010025305A1/en. | |
Hypochlorous acid, a powerful disinfectant effective against COVID-19, is also naturally produced by the body to combat bacteria, and is gentle enough to be used in skin care products to treat acne and other conditions. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a disinfectant against COVID-19 and a sensitive skin care product. - HOCl is naturally produced by the body's immune system to fight bacteria and is effective at its job. - HOCl can benefit the skin by fighting bacteria that causes acne, speeding up wound healing, repairing damage, and combating inflammation. - HOCl is nontoxic and gentle on the skin, making it great for sensitive skin. - HOCl can be incorporated into a daily skin maintenance routine to remove bacteria and can also be used as a quick-hit, on-the-go defense against COVID-19. - HOCl is safe to use, but it is important to verify that a product with HOCl is billed for skin care before using it on yourself and to avoid ingesting it and keeping it out of your eyes. | This is from Cleveland Clinic in 2023 at https://health.clevelandclinic.org/hypochlorous-acid-skin-care/. | |
The study investigated the effectiveness of hypochlorous acid water (HOCl) in inactivating SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that HOCl solution demonstrated high virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, both in suspension and atomized form. This suggests that HOCl could be an effective disinfectant to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | - Women face challenges and barriers in accessing water due to socio-cultural traditions and unequal power relationships. - Biological circumstances and socio-cultural ideologies impact women's daily workloads, personal hygiene, finance, and health. - Access to water should consider place attributes, values, physical and social distance effects, ecological circumstances, and social meanings. - Research should incorporate these elements and intersectional perspectives in shaping access to water. | This is from Journal of Water and Health in 2024 at https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article/22/3/601/100428/Virucidal-efficacy-of-hypochlorous-acid-water-for | |
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a more effective disinfectant than sodium hypochlorite (traditional "bleach") due to its neutral charge and ability to penetrate cell walls, making it a safer and more sustainable option for disinfection. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is more effective than sodium hypochlorite (bleach) as a disinfectant. - HOCl has a neutral charge and low molecular weight, allowing it to penetrate cell walls more easily. - The pH of the solution affects the balance between hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions, with lower pH values favoring HOCl. - Hypochlorous acid disrupts DNA and destroys germs. - Concentrated bleach (sodium hypochlorite) has a high pH and can be unsafe to handle. | This is from Journal of Environmental Health Science in 2018 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6255518/ This is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html | |
The use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as a cleaning and disinfecting solution in GI ambulatory surgery center (ASC) rooms has been found to be more effective in reducing ATP scores compared to standard cleaning methods, potentially leading to safer and more efficient procedures. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a nontoxic disinfecting solution that is more effective than bleach in surface disinfection of bacteria. - HOCl cleaning and disinfection in GI ambulatory surgery center (ASC) rooms is more effective than standard procedures in lowering ATP scores. - Misting the rooms with HOCl further improves the cleaning and disinfecting results. | This is from National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2024 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6255518/ | |
Chlorine-based disinfectants used in clinical settings, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite (OCl-), have different properties and pH-dependent characteristics, and understanding their proper use is crucial to prevent confusion and potential harm when handling and mixing these solutions. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and OCl− are chlorine-based disinfectants used in clinical settings. - HOCl has antiseptic properties and is used in wound treatment. - Chlorine-based disinfectants have been evaluated for their efficacy against bacteria and viruses, including SARS-Coronavirus. - Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are alternative disinfectants to sodium hypochlorite for drinking water treatment. - Chlorine-based disinfectants have been studied for their use in cleaning and disinfection processes. - Chlorine-based disinfectants have been used in the treatment of wild leeches and external decontamination. | This is from Journal of Global Health Reports in 2024 at this link. | |
The study evaluated the efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an antimicrobial agent in periodontitis and found that it was comparable to chlorhexidine (CHX) in reducing plaque and recolonization of periodontopathic bacteria, showing potential as a post-surgical treatment option for periodontal healing. | - Hypochlorous acid shows potential as a postsurgical antimicrobial agent in periodontitis. - Chlorhexidine mouthwashes and essential oil mouthwashes have an effect on gingival fibroblast survival and migration. - Post-surgical cleansing protocols can have an impact on early plaque control in periodontal and/or periimplant wound healing. - Alcohol-free and alcohol-based chlorhexidine solutions can be used for rinsing after periodontal surgery. - Chlorhexidine spray and chlorhexidine mouthwash can be effective in controlling dental plaque after periodontal surgery. - Iron can impact the bleaching efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in liquid whey systems. - Real-time PCR can be used for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples. - Periodontal disease is associated with a genetic risk of developing arthritis and early rheumatoid arthritis. - Real-time PCR is a quantitative method for the detection of periodontal pathogens. - Treponema denticola numbers correlate with the severity of periodontal disease. - Biological or non-biological DMARDs may modify the periodontal condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | This is from Antibiotics (Basel) in 2023 at PMC10451621. | |
Hypochlorous acid has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low toxicity, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of infectious diseases. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. - HOCl is a powerful oxidizing agent that can penetrate bacterial cell membranes, leading to intracellular damage and cell death. - HOCl has been shown to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. - HOCl is non-toxic, non-irritating, and non-allergenic, making it a safe alternative to traditional antibiotics. - HOCl has rapid killing kinetics, with complete bacterial eradication occurring within minutes of exposure. - HOCl has been used successfully in various clinical applications, including wound healing, ophthalmology, and dermatology. - HOCl can enter bacterial cells and react with various cellular components, leading to denaturation and inactivation of proteins, disruption of lipid membranes, and damage to DNA and RNA. - The optimal form and conditions for delivering HOCl as an antimicrobial agent are still under investigation. - HOCl has potential as a repressive drug, as it can suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species involved in inflammatory diseases. - HOCl has been used in various clinical settings, such as wound care, infection control, and oral hygiene. - Challenges of HOCl include potential toxicity, instability in the presence of organic matter, and the need for standardized protocols for production, storage, and delivery. - Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and potential side effects of HOCl. - HOCl shows promise as a safe, effective, and non-resistance antimicrobial agent for the treatment of infectious diseases. | This information is from the International Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology in 2023. You can find the article at this link. | |
The study found that exposure to hypochlorous acid (Wonder Spray) fog for ten days did not have any detectable effects on blood metabolic panel and resulted in minimal lung pathology, suggesting that it can be safely used as a disinfectant and potentially for medical purposes. | - Ten-day exposure to hypochlorous acid (Wonder Spray) fog did not have a detectable effect on blood metabolic panel. - Minimal and reversible lung pathology was observed after the exposure. - The use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as a disinfectant and for medical purposes is considered safe. - Inhaled HOCl is being studied for potential use in treating pneumonia and COVID-19 infection. | This is from Journal of Pulmonary Medicine in 2020 at URL | |
The patent describes the use of low concentration hypochlorous acid solutions to inhibit viral and bacterial activity, providing a potential solution for disinfection and disease prevention. | - A method of treating disease states associated with increased microbial activity by delivering an aqueous antiseptic solution to a patient through a vaping device. - The aqueous antiseptic solution contains hypochlorous acid heated to approximately 100-250°C and has a pH range of approximately 6.1 to 6.3. - The method involves administering atomized particles of the antiseptic solution through a mouthpiece into the upper respiratory tract for a prescribed duration. - The particles range in size from approximately 0.1 μm to 99 μm. - The method can be used to treat respiratory, ophthalmic, and cochlear illnesses caused by microbial, viral, fungal, or allergy-causing agents. - The technology described in the document is not limited to the specific embodiments mentioned and can be applied in various combinations. - The document provides priority applications, related child applications, and family applications related to the disclosed technology. - The document also includes legal events related to the patent application process. | This is from US20200281969A1 in 2024 at this link. | |
The inhalation of gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl(g)) at low concentrations, typically encountered during indoor disinfection, does not have a significant cytotoxic effect on human respiratory epithelial cells, according to a study using laboratory model systems. | - Inhalation of gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl(g)) at low concentrations (less than 500 ppb) has no cytotoxic effect on respiratory epithelial cells. - The concentration of HOCl(g) reaching the lung pseudo-space is close to zero when the chamber concentration is less than 20.5 ppb. - HOCl(g) adsorbs on gas-contact silicone rubber surfaces, leading to its disappearance during inhalation. | This is from J Microorg Control in 2023 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37394529/ This is from J Microorg Control in 2023 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38233168/ This is from Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi in 2024 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38309959/ This is from Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser in 1993 at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12616290/ | |
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has antimicrobial properties and is being researched for its potential use in infection prevention and control, including applications in COVID-19, due to its ability to deactivate pathogens and its compatibility with the body's immune system. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has antimicrobial efficacy and can be used for prevention or therapeutic support of infections. - HOCl is effective against airborne viruses and can inactivate them. - HOCl is recommended for cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in the context of COVID-19. - HOCl is listed as a disinfectant for coronavirus (COVID-19) by regulatory agencies such as the EPA, Health Canada, and the Australian Government. - HOCl has been approved as an active substance for biocidal products. - HOCl can be used for disinfection of food contact surfaces. - HOCl can be used for air purification and removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). - The production of hydroxyl radicals (OH) by HOCl can contribute to the decomposition of organic compounds and the inactivation of bioaerosols. | This is from GMS Hyg Infect Control in 2023 at this link. | |
Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid shows promise in wound care and scar management, providing an effective and safe alternative for reducing scarring and promoting wound healing. | - Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an effective antiseptic agent for wound care and scar management. - It can reduce the occurrence of hypertrophic scars and keloids. - When combined with silicone, it may be ideal for reducing scarring. - Unlike chlorhexidine, HOCl used as an antiseptic skin preparation does not raise concerns of ocular- or ototoxicity. - Topical stabilized HOCl provides powerful microbicidal and antibiofilm properties, making it a potent wound healing agent. - It offers physicians an alternative to other less desirable wound care measures. | This is from Journal in 2024 at URL | |
A spray called hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has shown to be highly effective in killing germs and viruses instantly, and its deployment in countries like China, Hong Kong, and Japan has played a vital role in curbing the spread of Covid-19, prompting experts to question why it is not being widely used in other countries like the UK. HOCl is non-toxic, cheap to produce, easy to use, and safe for humans, making it a potential simple solution to the Covid-19 nightmare. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is being sprayed in countries like China, Hong Kong, and Japan to curb the spread of Covid-19. - HOCl is 100 times more effective than bleach as a disinfectant and kills germs and viruses instantly. - HOCl is non-toxic, cheap to produce, easy to use, and completely safe for humans. - The UK government has given the green light for official trials of HOCl. - HOCl has been described as the gold standard for antiviral and antibacterial agents. - Fogging or misting with HOCl could play a huge role in avoiding a second spike of the disease. - HOCl can be made by dissolving sodium dichloroisocyanurate in water. - Fogging tunnels with HOCl are being used in the East and could be a solution for bringing spectators back into stadiums. - There is resistance to implementing new ideas and innovations in the healthcare system. - Further testing is required to prove the efficacy of the fogging process against gowns, masks, and eyewear. - HOCl should be made available for frontline key workers to protect themselves in future pandemics. | This is from Daily Mail in 2023 at Link. | |
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution, even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line, is effective in inactivating oral pathogens and a surrogate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, making it a potential option for reducing the risk of airborne infection in dental practice. | - The HOCl solution, used at optimal concentrations and amounts, completely inactivated human oral pathogens and a surrogate virus for SARS-CoV-2 in less than 30 seconds. - The use of HOCl solution in dental treatment water and as a mouthwash could help reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental treatment. - The bactericidal effect of HOCl solution was dose-dependent and varied among different oral pathogens. - The presence of saliva reduced the bactericidal effect of HOCl solution, but using a higher volume of solution compensated for this effect. - Passing HOCl solution through dental unit waterlines required a higher volume to achieve sufficient antimicrobial effect. - The acidity and volume of HOCl solution used should be considered for optimal disinfection. - Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the patient acceptance, usability, and effectiveness of HOCl solution in actual treatments. | This is from BMC Oral Health in 2023 at this link. | |
Intranasal lavage with hypochlorous acid may safely reduce symptoms in ambulatory patients with COVID-19, according to a study exploring its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention. | - Intranasal lavage with hypochlorous acid solution may safely reduce symptoms in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. - Hypochlorous acid is effective in vitro and in vivo against viruses. - Hypochlorous acid is naturally produced by activated neutrophils and is FDA-approved as a preservative. - Hypochlorous acid cleansers are non-cytotoxic and have been used in wound care. - The study demonstrated the safe use of hypochlorous acid solution for intranasal lavage in COVID-19 positive patients. - Mild adverse reactions include nasal burning sensation, mild self-limited epistaxis, and metallic taste. - No patients required mechanical ventilation or died during the study. - Further research is needed to understand the value and larger clinical strategy of hypochlorous acid nasal lavage for COVID-19. | This is from medRxiv in 2023 at URL | |
This is a patent for a shelf-stable form of hypochlorous acid, which can be useful as a biocidal agent against various pathogens, and is invented by Emmett Manuel Cunningham. | - Hypochlorous acid can be used to treat wounds and prevent bacteria from going deeper into the body or bloodstream. - The composition includes lithium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, or sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, and an acid. - The liquid or gelled HOCl composition may be nebulized or added to a dressing and used for nasal irrigation. - HOCl attacks the metabolic functions of microorganisms, disrupting their DNA structure, rendering them unable to build any resistance to HOCl. - The purity of all ingredients is important for effective results. - The administered hypochlorous acid has hypochlorous acid content between about 10 ppm and about 500 ppm. - The administered hypochlorous acid has sodium chloride content between about 10 ppm and about 1000 ppm. - Suitable nebulizing devices include, for example, piezoelectric nebulizers, spray bottles, metered spray pumps, metered-dose inhalers and bag-on-valve spray cans. - The HOCl composition is capable of preventing the replication or colonization of the viruses that can cause the common cold, the influenza virus, or both. - The HOCl composition is capable of preventing the replication or colonization of the fungi/bacteria that can cause the common bacterial or fungus infections in wounds or ulcers. | This is from US Patent Application US20230017920A1 in 2023 at https://patents.google.com/patent/US20230017920A1/en. | |
This document is a patent for a cleaning solution and its manufacturing method that uses electrolysis and contains chlorine, hypochlorous acid, and sodium hypochlorite. | - A cleaning solution of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions can be produced by electrolyzing an electrolyte solution for 70 minutes or longer using a diaphragm-free electrolysis process. - The cleaning solution is stable and exhibits high sterilizing and wash-out activity during use. - The cleaning solution can be used to exfoliate biofilm caused by bacteria and inhibit further proliferation of bacteria. - The cleaning solution can be used to improve the oral cavity environment of periodontal disease patients. - The effective residual chlorine concentration of the cleaning solution should be adjusted to a value from 500 ppm to 2000 ppm and the hydrogen ion concentration exponent should be adjusted to a value from pH 8.5 to pH 9.5. - The cleaning solution is produced by dissolving a small amount (from 0.1% to 2%) of sodium chloride (NaCl) as the electrolyte in ultrapure water having a purity of at least 99% to produce electrolyzed water. - The ultrapure water for use in this embodiment has an electrical resistivity of 15 MΩ⋅cm or more at a water temperature of 25° C., and a total organic carbon (TOC) of less than 0.05 mg/L. - The cleaning solution is produced using titanium platinum electrodes and a voltage during electrolysis in a range of from 1 V to 3 V, preferably 2.5 V. - The cleaning solution should desirably be adjusted to a pH from 3 to 7, in which the existing ratio of hypochlorous acid is high. | This is from US patent US10194665B2 in 2019 at https://patents.google.com/patent/US10194665B2/en | |
This document describes a stabilized hypochlorous acid solution and its use, which may have applications in antimicrobial treatments and wound healing. | - An antimicrobial solution has been developed that can be used to treat or prevent infections associated with abdominal surgery. - The solution contains hypochlorous acid, a divalent cation (such as calcium or magnesium), a phosphate anion, and chloride ion. - The specific dosage level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the strength of the antimicrobial solution, the severity of the condition, the patient's body weight, age, physical and mental condition, and more. - The solution has been tested against various bacteria and fungi, including MRSA, E. coli, and Candida albicans, and has shown significant reductions in their populations. - The stability of the solution has been shown to be good, with a small drop in pH observed over time. - The patent application includes a number of claims related to the composition and production of the antimicrobial solution. | This is from US20160120183A1 patent in 2018 at https://patents.google.com/patent/US20160120183A1/en. | |
This document is a patent for a method of producing shelf-stable hypochlorous acid solutions and includes information on the inventor, assignees, and relevant chemical compounds. | - The method for producing a shelf stable hypochlorous acid solution involves treating softened water through a reverse osmosis system and electrolyzing the saline process solution. - The white opaque PET containers contribute significantly to the enhanced shelf life of hypochlorous acid. - The more concentrated solutions of hypochlorous acid are even more suitable for long-term storage in white opaque PET bottles. - The hypochlorous acid solution can be used as a biocide for various applications, such as fracking water treatment, produced water treatment, and hospital disinfectant. | This is from US Patent in 2015 at https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150119245A1/en | |
This article discusses the use of a stabilized form of hypochlorous acid for wound care and scar management, which offers potent antimicrobial and wound healing properties as well as a reduced risk of side effects compared to other antiseptic agents. | - Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid is a highly effective antiseptic agent for wound care and scar management. - It can reduce the occurrence of hypertrophic scars and keloids. - It provides an optimal wound healing environment and may be ideal for reducing scarring when combined with silicone. - It raises no concerns of ocular- or ototoxicity when used as an antiseptic skin preparation. - It may offer physicians an alternative to other less desirable wound care measures. | This is from Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology in 2023 at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocd.13280. | |
This patent describes a system for manufacturing pure hypochlorous acid in a portable, remotely-controlled unit, which could have applications for disinfection and medical purposes. | - The invention is a system and method for the production of pure hypochlorous acid that is implementable and remotely controlled. - The system produces high-potency, safe, consistently pure, stable, and authentic hypochlorous acid in a high-volume, localized, portable, deployable production facility. - The electrolysis method uses a remotely implementable and controlled production system. - The method includes controlling the flow rate of water, applying feedback-controlled current, adding sodium chloride brine and sodium hydroxide, and producing aqueous hypochlorous acid free of hypochlorites, phosphates, oxides, and stabilizers. | This is from Patent in 2022 at https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2022032115A2/en?assignee=briotech&oq=briotech | |
This document is a patent for a stable composition of HOCl, and includes information on its production and uses. | - A composition of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and its uses are described in this patent. - The composition can be used for medical and veterinary purposes, as well as for sterilizing materials and objects. - The patent also describes methods for producing the composition. - The composition is stable and can be used to treat biofilms and wounds. - The patent also mentions the use of the composition in preventing microbial growth and treating skin trauma. | This is from CN103501605B in 2015 at https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103501605B/en?q=(stabilizing+HOCl)&oq=stabilizing+HOCl | |
This case series describes the use of hypochlorous acid as an adjuvant treatment for managing eye infections and blepharitis, showing that it can shorten the time to clinical resolution of these conditions. | - Hypochlorous acid can be used as an antiseptic washout to improve patient comfort after intravitreal injection. - Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against endophthalmitis isolates of Staphylococci. - Hypochlorous acid can be used to reduce bacterial load on ocular skin. - Hypochlorous acid has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with dry eye. - Hypochlorous acid has been used as a skin antiseptic agent. - Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against established biofilms. - Hypochlorous acid can be used to treat blepharitis and chalazia. - Hypochlorous acid has a neutral pH and disinfectant activity. - Hypochlorous acid has a good ocular safety profile in rabbits. | This is from Drugs in Context in 2022 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9267159/. | |
The use of hypochlorous acid as a wound cleanser has been found to be safe and effective in treating various types of pediatric and neonatal wounds, without causing any pain or discomfort. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an effective antimicrobial wound cleanser that is noncytotoxic, nontoxic if absorbed percutaneously, effective in various forms, and painless on application. - HOCl is widely used in multiple medical applications, including in dental treatment as a mouth rinse and in ophthalmology as treatment for blepharitis. - The intact, undissociated pure HOCl-based product has an excellent safety profile in wound care. - A pure HOCl solution has been proven to have maximal antimicrobial preservative properties that exceed that of the hypochlorite species largely found in the Dakin’s solution and in products that have a pH higher than approximately 5.5. - HOCl has been utilized to eliminate biofilm in chronic wounds, as an effective instillation medium for negative pressure therapy and ultrasound therapy, and in general as a cleanser for wounds that contain debris or microbes. - HOCl is safe and efficacious in wound care for neonatal and pediatric patients. | This is from Wound Management & Prevention in 2023 at https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/wmp/article/hypochlorous-acid-pediatric-wound-management-cleansing-healing-wounds | |
In vitro experiments showed that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions can be effective in inactivating avian influenza virus (AIV) in liquid and spray forms, providing a possible method for controlling AIV at the farm level. | • Sprayed hypochlorous acid solutions showed virucidal activity against avian influenza virus in in vitro experiments. • The use of electrolyzed water in the food industry has been studied and found to be effective. • Common detergents and chemicals can inactivate avian influenza virus. • Biocides have viricidal activity and specific mechanisms of action. • Chlorine has been shown to inactivate highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. • Factors such as physico-chemical conditions and surfaces can affect the survival of avian influenza virus. • Passive immunization with antiserum generated from viral polypeptides can protect poultry birds from lethal avian influenza virus infection. • Acidic electrolyzed water and neutral electrolyzed water have a virucidal effect on avian influenza viruses. • The persistence of avian influenza viruses in frozen environmental water types has been studied. • The onset of virus shedding and clinical signs in chickens infected with avian influenza viruses has been investigated. • DIVA vaccination strategies for avian influenza virus have been explored. • The occurrence and transmission characteristics of airborne avian influenza virus have been studied. • Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus can be transmitted from chickens to other bird species. • Membraneless acidic electrolyzed water has antimicrobial effects on airborne bacteria from poultry houses. | This is from Journal of Veterinary Medical Science in 2015 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4363024/. | |
This study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution, which can be generated from electrolysis of 3% hydrochloric acid, is effective against oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line, showing promise as a potential supplement to water and/or mouthwash to reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice. | - Hypochlorous acid can inactivate oral pathogens and a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2. - Hypochlorous acid has potential as a wound care agent. - Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against avian influenza viruses and human norovirus. - The volume of mouthwash for rinsing can be determined for comfortable use. | This is from BMC Oral Health in 2021 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938691/. | |
This study investigated the efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in inactivating a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces frequently encountered in consumer-facing environments, finding that increased HOCl concentration and exposure time led to increased reduction of the surrogate, but that the highest estimated mean log reduction may not adequately reduce enveloped viruses to below infective thresholds. | - Hypochlorous acid can be effective in inactivating a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate on surfaces, but the effectiveness can be impacted by various factors such as surface type, contact time, inoculum matrix, and concentration. - There are various sanitizing agents that can be used for virus inactivation and disinfection, but their efficacy can depend on the specific virus and the conditions of use. - The stability of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces can be impacted by factors such as temperature and humidity. - There are various methods for assessing the virucidal activity of chemical germicides, such as a disc-based quantitative carrier test method. - Low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor can be effective in inactivating MS2 bacteriophage and the presumed Ebola virus surrogate Phi6. | This is from Food Environ Virol in 2023 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862229/. | |
This study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution, which can be generated from electrolysis of hydrochloric acid, is effective against common human oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus, even in the presence of saliva and after passing through dental unit water lines. This suggests that HOCl solution could be used as a supplement to water and/or mouthwash to reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice. | - Hypochlorous acid can inactivate oral pathogens and a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. - Hypochlorous acid has potential applications in wound care and disinfection. - Electrolyzed water can produce hypochlorous acid. - There are several studies evaluating the effectiveness of hypochlorous acid against viruses and bacteria. - Saliva plays a role in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. | This is from BMC Oral Health in 2021 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938691/. | |
This study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at a concentration of 100 ppm can effectively and rapidly destroy COVID-19, influenza, and herpes viruses that are spread through saliva and droplets, making it a potentially effective virucide for use in dental procedures to prevent transmission of these viruses. | - HOCl can rapidly kill Corona, Flu, and Herpes to prevent aerosol spread. - Saliva can be used as a diagnostic material for influenza virus infection by PCR-based assays. - Preprocedural mouthrinses can reduce SARS-CoV-2 load in dental aerosols. - The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets is important in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. - Disinfection and sterilization are important in healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections. - Aerosol transmission is a possible route for influenza A virus. - The evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants is being studied. - Hypochlorous acid can be used as a disinfectant for dental unit waterlines. - Free radicals have implications in various diseases. - The pathology of influenza virus infections has been studied. - Herpes simplex virus has a global infection prevalence and incidence estimates. - The future of knowledge representation and creative work aided by machine understanding of language is being investigated. | This is from Journal in 2023 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227542/. | |
This article discusses the effects of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on mammalian cells, including its role in killing pathogens and its potential to cause tissue injury and inflammation. It also explores how HOCl interacts with different cell components and describes the outcomes of exposure to different doses of HOCl. The article concludes by highlighting recent research indicating that HOCl may activate cell signaling pathways, providing important information on the role of this oxidant in inflammation. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive oxidant produced by the immune system to kill invading pathogens. - HOCl can also damage mammalian cells, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. - Exposure to HOCl can lead to cell death, apoptosis, or growth arrest. - HOCl has been implicated in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. - Researchers have studied the effects of HOCl on different types of cells, including red blood cells, endothelial cells, and heart muscle cells. | This is from IUBMB Life in 2000 at https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/713803731. | |
This article explores the effects of hypochlorous acid, generated by neutrophils, on both the host and pathogens in the body. | - Neutrophils are immune cells that produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other hypohalous acids (HA). - HOCl and HA are toxic to pathogens, but can also damage host tissues. - The effects of HOCl and HA depend on their concentration and the context in which they are produced. - Understanding the balance between the beneficial and harmful effects of HOCl and HA can help develop new therapies for infectious and inflammatory diseases. | This is from SpringerLink in 2020 at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y | |
This study investigated the effectiveness of dry fogging hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide solutions in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus on environmental surfaces, finding that higher concentrations and longer contact times of the disinfectants were required to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 than influenza A virus. The results provide important information for the development of strategies to control the transmission of these viruses in public spaces. | - Dry fogging of hypochlorous acid solution and hydrogen peroxide solution effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus that had been adhered to plastic microplates. - Dry fogging is an active countermeasure against infection sources on environmental surfaces. - Dry fogging is expected to act effectively not only against the Wuhan strain and H1N1 strain tested in the present study, but also against other virus strains. - It is important to examine whether dry fogging of disinfectants inactivates viruses in a space. | This is from PLoS ONE in 2022 at https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261802. | |
Hypochlorous acid wound care is a safe and effective solution for managing various afflictions in animals, providing gentle care and promoting good hygiene without any side effects. | - HOCl is a naturally occurring chemical found in the bodies of living organisms. - HOCl is the primary active ingredient in Clireon's Wound Care & Skin Care spray and gel. - HOCl can provide gentle, effective care to help manage sores, cuts, abrasions, burns, hot spots, skin irritations, saddle wounds, and post-surgical wounds. - HOCl is safe for use on all animals. - HOCl is highly effective in combating the symptoms of dry skin in dogs. - HOCl is effective in managing infections in animals. - HOCl is fast-acting and can kill microorganisms on the wound or infection within 30 seconds of application. - HOCl is a practical, all-natural, and environmentally-friendly alternative for animal care. | This is from Clireon in 2023 at https://www.clireon.com/blogs/animal-care-tips/top-10-benefits-of-hypochlorous-acid-wound-care. | |
This thesis explores the potential of on-site production of hypochlorous acid for disinfection applications, including wastewater treatment and sanitization of dental operating rooms. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful disinfectant that can be easily produced from the electrolysis of sodium chloride. - HOCl has a wide variety of applications, including wound care, eye care, pet care, horticulture, and wastewater treatment. - An on-site chlorination generator was fabricated and integrated into the Biddeford Pool Wastewater Treatment Plant in December 2022. - A finite element model was developed to predict room coverage with HOCl fog as a function of carrier gas velocity and position for the removal of airborne pathogens in a dental clinic by fogging. - The model should estimate the fogging time and concentration to disinfect a room. - The next step would incorporate a kinetic model for HOCl fog destruction including reaction and evaporation. | This is from Electronic Theses and Dissertations in 2023 at https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3775. | |
This study found that hypochlorous acid fogging can effectively sanitize surfaces against Enterococcus faecalis, a persistent source of infection, with continuous fogging being the most effective method of application. | - Fogging with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an efficient method for disinfecting large areas. - Ultrasonic fogging with continuous application is the most effective mode of application for HOCl fogging against Enterococcus faecalis. - The optimal pulsed fogging protocol produced a similar reduction, but required nearly 5 times as long. - The home synthesized versions of HOCl yielded much lower log bacterial reductions. - No significant differences in outcome were determined between polymer or metal surfaces. | This is from ScienceDirect in 2022 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S019665532200150X. | |
Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid that is an oxidizer and primary disinfectant agent in chlorine solutions, with a history of use in medicine, wound care, and disinfection, and is still being studied for potential uses in water treatment, organic synthesis, and deodorization. | - Hypochlorous acid is a potent disinfectant that can inactivate many vital systems in bacteria in less than 0.1 seconds. - The concentration required for bactericidal activity is highly dependent on bacterial concentration. - Hypochlorous acid can cause inhibition of glucose oxidation, depletion of adenine nucleotides, inhibition of DNA replication, and protein unfolding and aggregation. - Hypochlorous acid water is difficult to maintain as it quickly deteriorates back into salt water, losing its disinfecting capability. | This is from Wikipedia in 2021 at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid | |
Hypochlorous acid solutions, made from electrolyzed water, are a highly effective and safe approach to wound care for animals, as they eradicate dangerous organisms while not causing harm to cells. | - Hypochlorous acid solutions are a recent and highly effective approach to wound care. - Hypochlorous acid solutions are non-toxic to the delicate cells that heal wounds, while being lethal to almost all known dangerous bacteria and viruses that threaten health. - Hypochlorous acid also exists in the form of a hydrogel, which makes it ideal as a wound filler. - Sea salt used in HOCl solutions should be rich in minerals, containing all 84 essential trace elements that are also present in the human body. | This is from IVC Journal in 2023 at https://ivcjournal.com/hypochlorous-acid-solutions/. | |
This article discusses the role of hypochlorous acid in periodontal disease, highlighting its potential as an antimicrobial and inflammation-modulating medication. ROS, including hypochlorous acid, play a complex role in the immune response to pathogens in periodontitis, and their regulation is crucial in treating the disease. | - Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can modulate the inflammatory response and may have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics. - TauCl possesses mostly anti-inflammatory properties and may promote healing and alleviate inflammation. - The Periodontal Department of Taipei Medical University Hospital began using an ultrasonic spray of HOCl for constant sterilization and infection control of clinical cubicles and wound irrigation during periodontal surgery in 2007. | This is from Journal of Dental Sciences in 2010 at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790209600088. | |
The article discusses the potential use of a prefabricated sanitizing chamber that uses hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant in the fight against COVID-19, and explores the efficacy and safety of hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant. | - Hypochlorous acid can be effective in disinfecting surfaces and reducing bacterial load. - A smart prefabricated sanitizing chamber can reduce exposure to COVID-19 in occupational settings. - Short-term skin reactions can occur from using N95 respirators and medical masks. - There is a need for more effective methods for cleaning and disinfecting enclosed spaces. - The future of disinfection may involve the use of slightly acidic electrolyzed water. | This is from Risk Management and Healthcare Policy in 2023 at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7837568/. |