What it is
HOCl is produced by white blood cells (opens in a new tab) in all mammals, humans included. At the right concentrations (see Using it well), it’s really good at killing harmful viruses, bacteria and fungi (opens in a new tab). So regular disinfecting with HOCl can help prevent the spread of harmful bugs and viruses (opens in a new tab) to keep communities healthier.
Where it’s used
HOCl is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly (opens in a new tab) alternative to traditional disinfectants like bleach and ammonia. It can be used on fabrics, plastics, metals and skin. It is used in hospitals (opens in a new tab), offices (opens in a new tab) and restaurants (opens in a new tab), and has been studied in nasal sprays (opens in a new tab) against COVID-19.
HOCl is used to sanitize surfaces (opens in a new tab) and disinfect the air (opens in a new tab). It’s also used for mouth care (opens in a new tab), wound care (opens in a new tab), skin care (opens in a new tab), eye care (opens in a new tab) and veterinary care (opens in a new tab). It’s approved as a no-rinse sanitizer for washing organic food (opens in a new tab). It has also been reported to reduce compost odor (opens in a new tab) and act against pests and black mold (opens in a new tab).
It has been called a miracle liquid (opens in a new tab). We know, it sounds too good to be true. We thought so too. It does have folks wondering why it isn’t everywhere (opens in a new tab). Many uses have been approved by regulatory agencies like the FDA and EPA (opens in a new tab), but strength, pH and storage all matter; see Using it well.
Get it
Make it at home
Making HOCl at home can save (a lot of) money, keeps disinfectant on hand, and cuts plastic waste. hocl.love (opens in a new tab) has the full steps for each way:
- NaDCC tablets. The cheapest, simplest and most foolproof way: the tablets create HOCl when dissolved in water. 100 tablets of 334 mg cost around US$30 (opens in a new tab), and one tablet in 32 oz (about 0.95 L) of water makes 100 ppm, the label’s strength for food-contact surfaces.
- Spray bottle generators. Home generators like the Force of Nature (opens in a new tab) or the Eco One (opens in a new tab) take around 10 minutes to make a liter of HOCl by electrolyzing water, non-iodized salt and vinegar.
- Electrode generators. Standalone electrodes make larger volumes; the NatureChlor series is sold as DIY stations (opens in a new tab). A cheaper alternative is the PWPAM Sodium Hypochlorite Generator (opens in a new tab) (US$12), which needs a little math for the salt and vinegar amounts and electrolysis times.
Running any of these for longer makes a stronger solution. Use chlorine (opens in a new tab) and pH (opens in a new tab) test strips to check it.
Buy it ready to use
Around 20 years ago, chemists developed ways to stabilize HOCl to extend its shelf life, so companies could bottle and sell it. Products are available from Briotech (opens in a new tab), The Hypochlorous Company (opens in a new tab), Pure&Clean (opens in a new tab), Urgo (opens in a new tab), Aquanox (opens in a new tab), Pathosans (opens in a new tab), Clorox, Sonoma Pharmaceuticals (opens in a new tab), PhaseOne Health (opens in a new tab), and many other companies (opens in a new tab).
Safety
Caution
- Some people are sensitive or allergic to ingredients in HOCl products. Patch-test a new product before using it widely, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivities.
- Never mix HOCl with bleach, ammonia or other cleaners. Acid mixed with chlorine solutions releases chlorine gas.
- Home-made solution is for cleaning surfaces. Read the safety notes (opens in a new tab) before you make any.
Using it well
Concentration
Different uses need different strengths, measured in parts per million (ppm): a 0.02% solution is 200 ppm. The eyelid, wound and nasal strengths below describe commercial and clinical products; home-made solution is for cleaning surfaces only. Some example uses:
| Applications | ppm Range | pH | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Disinfection | 1-4 ppm | 6.5-7.5 | Drinking water disinfection (free chlorine). |
| 1-3 ppm | 7.2-7.8 | Swimming pool water disinfection (free chlorine). | |
| Surface Disinfection | 100-500 ppm | 6.0-7.0 | General surface disinfection for various settings. |
| 1000-5000 ppm | 6.0-7.0 | Healthcare facilities for high-touch surfaces. | |
| Food Processing | 50-200 ppm | Disinfection of food contact surfaces. | |
| Eyelid Hygiene | 100 ppm | 4.5-6.5 | Cleansing of eyelids to manage conditions like blepharitis, and maintain ocular hygiene |
| Wound Care | 50-200 ppm | 3.5-6.0 | Irrigation and cleansing of wounds in healthcare. |
| Veterinary Care | 100-500 ppm | 6.0-7.0 | Cleaning and disinfection in animal facilities. |
| Agriculture | 50-200 ppm | varies | Controlling plant pathogens in agricultural settings. |
| Nasal Irrigation | 3.3 to 3.5 ppm | varies | Irrigating the nasal cavity and sinuses with a spray. |
pH level
HOCl solutions usually have a pH of 5 to 7, the range considered best for keeping HOCl stable and effective.
The more acidic the solution, the more of its chlorine stays as HOCl and the less becomes the hypochlorite ion (OCl-), its less effective form. As pH rises, the balance shifts toward hypochlorite.
For medical or industrial uses, follow the manufacturer’s guidelines or the relevant regulatory standards for pH.
Storage and stability
HOCl is not naturally shelf-stable. It weakens over time (its ppm drops), faster with light, heat, air or a lower pH. Until recently it could not be kept more than a few days without losing its effect. Store it somewhere cool and dark in a tightly sealed container.
Videos
The research
73 papers chosen for this practice, each with its source and summary. After them, every study in the database that mentions non-toxic disinfection.
A new sprayable solution containing hypochlorous acid has been shown to effectively kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus, offering a promising method for improving hygiene in the upper respiratory tract.
Key points
- AOS2020, a sprayable solution with hypochlorous acid, shows over 99.8% effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 in under 1 minute.
- The solution is non-irritating to nasal and oral mucosa.
- AOS2020 could potentially reduce viral load in the upper respiratory tract, aiding in COVID-19 treatment.
- Further clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
This study found that hypochlorous acid solution did not effectively kill bacteria in the nasal discharge of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after soaking for one or five minutes, suggesting that longer exposure might be necessary for antibacterial effects.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution did not show significant antibacterial effects on nasal discharge from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients within 5 minutes.
- Bacterial culture rates were similar for HOCl, normal saline, and povidone-iodine solutions.
- Alcohol showed better antibacterial activity but still had limitations.
- Longer exposure times may be necessary to observe antibacterial effects of HOCl and other solutions.
- Further studies are needed to explore the effectiveness of longer soaking durations.
This study shows that non-white blood cells can enhance their ability to fight viruses by using chloride ions to produce a substance called hypochlorous acid, which helps inhibit various types of viral infections.
Key points
- Non-myeloid cells can enhance antiviral responses using chloride ions.
- Increased sodium chloride (NaCl) levels boost the production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which has antiviral properties.
- HOCl inhibits a variety of viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses.
- The antiviral mechanism relies on intracellular chloride and is not a direct effect of NaCl on viruses.
- This research suggests potential therapeutic applications of NaCl in treating viral infections.
A study found that slightly acidic hypochlorous acid (HOCl) mouthwash is more effective than chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash in reducing bad breath and bacterial activity in the mouth, making it a safer and more pleasant option for oral care.
Key points
- HOCl mouthwash is effective in reducing halitosis and dental plaque compared to CHX.
- HOCl shows significant decreases in harmful bacteria associated with periodontal diseases.
- CHX has side effects like strong taste and tooth discoloration, making it less convenient.
- HOCl is safe for long-term use and has strong disinfectant properties.
- Using HOCl can improve oral health and prevent dental diseases more effectively than CHX.
A nasal spray containing hypochlorous acid may be a convenient alternative to traditional saline irrigation for patients recovering from sinus surgery, as it showed similar benefits in reducing symptoms and improving health outcomes.
Key points
- HOCl nasal spray is effective as an alternative to normal saline nasal irrigation after sinus surgery.
- Both treatments showed benefits, but HOCl spray is more convenient for patients.
- Further research is needed to explore long-term effects of HOCl on nasal health.
A low concentration solution of hypochlorous acid can effectively kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a useful option for nasal irrigation in patients with chronic sinusitis.
Key points
- Low concentration hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective for nasal irrigation.
- It shows over 99% bactericidal and fungicidal activity for most tested microorganisms.
- No toxicity observed in human nasal cells after treatment.
- Significant reduction in human influenza A virus was achieved.
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The Sentinox spray, which contains hypochlorous acid, has been shown to significantly reduce viral loads in mild COVID-19 patients and effectively kill various respiratory viruses, suggesting it could be a useful tool for managing infections.
Key points
- Sentinox spray reduces viral load in mild COVID-19 patients.
- Significant reduction observed in patients with medium viral loads.
- Spray is safe and well-tolerated with few side effects.
- High virucidal activity against various respiratory viruses.
- Potential for use in preventing respiratory infections.
Exploring the use of hypochlorous acid for disinfection (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a highly effective, safe, and cost-efficient disinfectant that can significantly improve cleaning processes in healthcare environments, yet it remains underutilized compared to traditional disinfectants like bleach.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful, safe disinfectant.
- It is effective against a wide range of pathogens, including superbugs.
- HOCl can be generated on-site, reducing costs and improving efficiency.
- It is environmentally friendly and safe for patients and staff.
- Hospitals should consider using HOCl to enhance infection prevention efforts.
- Current disinfectants may not be the safest or most effective options available.
Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) is a powerful and safe disinfectant that effectively kills a wide range of pathogens, including the coronavirus, making it a valuable tool for wound care and infection control.
Key points
- Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) is an effective disinfectant and antiseptic.
- It is safe for human use and poses no risk of resistance.
- HOCl can enhance wound healing and reduce infection rates.
- It is environmentally friendly, breaking down into water and salt.
- Current manufacturing allows for affordable, large-scale production.
- HOCl is approved for various medical and food safety applications.
- It can significantly reduce healthcare costs associated with wound care.
Hypochlorous acid, at a concentration of 0.01%, has been shown to effectively kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus and could be used as an antiseptic to help prevent COVID-19 infection through mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, and mouth.
Key points
- 0.01% hypochlorous acid is effective as an antiseptic against SARS-CoV-2.
- It can be used on the eyes, nose, and mouth to prevent COVID-19 infection.
- Recommended for healthcare protocols and general public use to reduce viral load.
- Further studies needed to confirm effectiveness and safety.
A study found that while low-concentration hypochlorous acid nasal irrigation can reduce allergic rhinitis symptoms, it is no more effective than regular saline nasal irrigation.
Key points
- Low-concentration hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal irrigation reduces allergic rhinitis symptoms.
- No significant side effects were reported with HOCl use.
- HOCl did not show additional benefits compared to saline nasal irrigation.
- Both treatments improved symptoms over the study period.
The study highlights that aerosolized hypochlorous acid is a safe and effective disinfectant against bacteria and viruses, making it a promising option for sanitizing indoor environments without harming human health.
Key points
- Aerosolized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective in killing bacteria and viruses.
- At 300 ppm, HOCl is safe for human tissues and does not affect cell viability.
- It shows significant bactericidal (up to 99.9% reduction) and virucidal effects on various surfaces.
- HOCl can be produced on-site, making it low-cost and environmentally friendly.
- The study supports HOCl as a promising disinfectant for indoor environments, especially during pandemics.
Inhaling mist made from hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has shown promise in rapidly inactivating respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 without adverse effects in experimental studies or in self-reported experiences from essential workers during the pandemic.
Key points
- Inhalation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
- No significant adverse effects were observed in animals exposed to aerosolized HOCl.
- Human subjects reported minor, transient side effects after inhaling HOCl, with some noting improved respiratory symptoms.
- HOCl shows potential as a safe disinfectant and therapeutic agent against respiratory infections.
- The study highlights the need for further evaluation of HOCl’s long-term effects and its use in public health settings.
Inhaling microaerosolized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has been shown to effectively inactivate respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 without causing harm to lung tissues, suggesting its potential as a safe and accessible treatment option during the pandemic.
Key points
- Inhalation of microaerosolized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) shows potential benefits in preventing and treating respiratory virus infections, including COVID-19.
- HOCl rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in laboratory settings.
- No adverse effects were observed in animals exposed to HOCl, indicating its safety for pulmonary use.
- Human exposure to HOCl mist during the pandemic showed no serious issues, with only minor, transient effects reported.
- HOCl may serve as an effective, inexpensive, and accessible method for respiratory infection prevention.
A study found that using low-concentration hypochlorous acid for nasal irrigation significantly improved symptoms in patients with chronic sinusitis who did not respond to other treatments, compared to saline solution.
Key points
- Low-concentration hypochlorous acid (HOCl) nasal irrigation improves symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) better than saline irrigation.
- Significant symptom relief was observed in patients using HOCl after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.
- No significant adverse effects were reported from HOCl nasal irrigation.
- HOCl may serve as an effective adjunct therapy for patients with CRS who do not respond to standard medical treatments.
Hypochlorous Acid: A Review (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is an effective, safe, and inexpensive disinfectant that can help combat the spread of COVID-19 in medical and dental settings.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an effective, nontoxic disinfectant against COVID-19.
- It can be produced on-site easily and economically.
- HOCl is safe for use in dental and medical settings.
- Effective in inactivating various viruses, including coronaviruses, in under a minute.
- Recommended for surface disinfection, hand sanitizing, and as a mouth rinse.
- Stability and efficacy can be affected by exposure to light and temperature.
HOCL: Not Novel, But Essential (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid (HOCL) is a powerful, natural disinfectant produced by the human body that effectively fights infections and can be safely used for various cleaning and health applications.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCL) is effective against infections and is produced naturally by the body.
- It has multiple mechanisms to kill bacteria and viruses.
- Stabilized HOCL can be produced and used safely as a disinfectant.
- It penetrates biofilms, making it effective for treating periodontal disease.
- HOCL is safe for various applications, including oral care and wound healing.
- It is recognized as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA.
Benefits of Hypochlorous Acid (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid, known as “The Miracle Molecule,” is a powerful skincare ingredient that helps treat various skin issues, supports the body’s natural defenses, and is suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a natural immune molecule produced by the body.
- Effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making it suitable for all skin types.
- Helps reduce blemishes, treat acne, soothe eczema, and reverse signs of aging.
- Supports skin’s natural defenses without harming its microbiome.
- Aids in treating dermatitis caused by mask-wearing.
- Ensures maximum benefits when manufactured under medical-grade conditions.
- Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects beneficial for chronic skin conditions.
- Used by dermatologists to prepare skin for treatments and assist post-procedure healing.
What Is Hypochlorous Acid, and How Does It Protect Against COVID-19? (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a gentle yet effective disinfectant that can help protect against COVID-19 and improve skin conditions like acne and maskne, making it a versatile choice for skincare and sanitization.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory substance made by white blood cells.
- It can disinfect skin and help treat conditions like acne, psoriasis, and eczema.
- Effective against COVID-19, listed by the EPA as a virus killer.
- Safe for sensitive skin; does not sting or burn.
- Recommended for use on skin and masks to prevent “maskne.”
- Available in products like Lasercyn Dermal Spray and Stamina Cosmetics Maskne Calming Mist.
- Acts as a gentler alternative to alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
Use of a Hypochlorous Acid Spray Solution in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients (opens in a new tab)
A study is being conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of a hypochlorous acid spray for treating COVID-19 patients, comparing it to a placebo treatment.
Key points
- Study evaluates hypochlorous acid spray for COVID-19 treatment.
- Conducted in Tunisia with 400 participants.
- Randomized, controlled, double-blind design.
- Primary goal: assess change in viral load after 3 days.
- Secondary goals: symptom duration, hospitalization needs, and contamination rates.
- Participants must be 18+, symptomatic, and test positive for SARS-CoV-2.
- Excludes those with allergies to hypochlorous acid or severe health issues.
The study proposes using hypochlorous acid as a nasal spray to help protect healthcare workers at high risk of COVID-19 infection, showing promise in reducing viral load and enhancing safety.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is proposed as a nasal spray for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers.
- HClO is a safe and effective antimicrobial solution, reducing viral load without harming human cells.
- The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HClO compared to a placebo in high-risk health personnel.
- The trial is randomized, double-masked, and placebo-controlled.
- Expected study completion date is August 15, 2021.
This patent describes a new method to use safe and effective products like hypochlorous acid and superoxidized water to combat harmful germs and infections.
Key points
- Non-toxic antimicrobial agents can effectively treat infections caused by various pathogens.
- The invention focuses on using oxychlorine compounds, including hypochlorous acid and superoxidized water.
- These agents can be administered via multiple routes, including aerosol and topical applications.
- The system aims to prevent, treat, and reduce harmful effects from pathogenic microorganisms.
- It addresses the need for safe and effective treatments with minimal toxicity.
- The invention is applicable for both human and veterinary use.
What is Hypochlorous Acid? (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a powerful yet gentle disinfectant that can help treat acne, speed up wound healing, and reduce inflammation, making it safe for sensitive skin.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective against bacteria and acne.
- It is naturally produced by the body and is safe for sensitive skin.
- HOCl speeds up wound healing and combats inflammation.
- Available in sprays, creams, and serums for skin care.
- Not a substitute for washing; serves as an additional defense.
- Verify product safety and avoid those with fragrance if sensitive.
Portable On-Demand Hypochlorous Acid Disinfectant Cleaners (opens in a new tab)
The Department of Defense is testing portable devices that generate hypochlorous acid disinfectant on demand, providing a safer and more environmentally friendly cleaning solution compared to traditional chemical products.
Key points
- Portable on-demand hypochlorous acid (HOCl) disinfectant cleaners are effective and environmentally friendly.
- They generate hospital-grade disinfectant using water, salt, and vinegar.
- Demonstrated at DoD and NASA facilities, showing ease of use and effectiveness.
- Cost-effective compared to traditional cleaning products.
- No significant health risks or negative physical responses reported.
- Effective at deodorizing and cleaning various surfaces.
- Meets EPA standards and is registered as a broad-spectrum disinfectant.
Hypochlorous Acid Is a Natural Disinfectant for Surfaces and Skin (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a powerful, non-toxic disinfectant that is safe for both surfaces and skin, making it an effective alternative to traditional cleaning agents like bleach.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid is a natural disinfectant, effective and safe for surfaces and skin.
- It is over 100 times more effective than bleach at killing pathogens.
- Made in the body by white blood cells to fight infections.
- Not shelf-stable; sensitive to light, air, and pH changes.
- Increasing use in beauty products, but consumers should look for pure formulations without additives.
- Potential applications in medical contexts, such as nasal sprays.
- Safe for use around pets and children, unlike bleach.
Hypochlorous Acid Is Trending in Skin Care and Cleaning—But Does It Work? (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is an effective and safe disinfectant that can kill a wide range of harmful microbes, making it a promising alternative to traditional cleaning products, but its stability and regulation remain concerns.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a safe and effective disinfectant, more potent than bleach.
- It naturally occurs in the body to fight infections.
- HOCl is approved for use by the FDA and is increasingly used in healthcare and cleaning products.
- It has a short shelf life and is sensitive to light and air.
- New manufacturing processes are extending its shelf life for consumer products.
- HOCl is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including norovirus and SARS-CoV-2.
- Research is ongoing into its medical applications, particularly for respiratory infections.
- Consumer awareness and regulation of HOCl products are still developing.
Hypochlorous acid is a versatile and safe topical treatment that can help with wound care, infection prevention, and managing skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and acne.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is effective for infection prevention and wound care.
- It promotes healing and reduces scarring.
- Useful for inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and pruritus.
- Exhibits antimicrobial properties with low toxicity to skin cells.
- Emerging research suggests benefits for acne and seborrheic dermatitis.
- Generally well-tolerated with a good safety profile.
The EPA has exempted hypochlorous acid from pesticide residue tolerance requirements when used on food-contact surfaces in public eating places, allowing for safer use in food handling without the risk of harmful residues.
Key points
- EPA exempts hypochlorous acid residues from tolerance requirements for food-contact surfaces in public eating places.
- Effective date: September 14, 2022.
- No comments were received on the proposal; exemption finalized.
- Exemption ensures no harm from aggregate exposure, including to infants and children.
- Limit set at 200 ppm total available chlorine for hypochlorous acid use.
Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) as a Promising Respiratory Antiseptic (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is being considered as a safe and effective treatment for respiratory infections, including viruses like COVID-19, due to its broad antimicrobial properties and low toxicity.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a promising respiratory antiseptic.
- It may effectively treat bacterial and viral infections, including COVID-19.
- HOCl has low toxicity and is part of the body’s immune system.
- It can be produced easily and is cost-effective.
- Research supports its use in inhalation therapies for respiratory health.
- Ongoing studies are evaluating its clinical efficacy and safety.
The Science Behind NaDCC: How it Works as a Powerful Disinfectant (opens in a new tab)
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is a highly effective disinfectant that works by releasing hypochlorous acid in water, which effectively kills a wide range of harmful microorganisms while remaining stable and active for extended periods.
Key points
- NaDCC is a powerful disinfectant due to its ability to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl).
- HOCl effectively kills a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
- NaDCC is stable in solid form, ensuring potency until use.
- It offers a controlled release of HOCl, maintaining disinfectant activity over time.
- NaDCC performs well across various pH levels, enhancing its effectiveness in different water conditions.
A study found that using a hypochlorous acid nasal rinse can safely help reduce symptoms in patients with COVID-19 who are not hospitalized.
Key points
- Intranasal lavage with hypochlorous acid may safely reduce COVID-19 symptoms in outpatients.
- Study involved 88 patients, with 74 completing the treatment.
- No patients required mechanical ventilation; no deaths occurred.
- Mild side effects included nasal burning and metallic taste.
- Further research is needed to confirm effectiveness and explore broader applications.
This study found that hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite mists effectively kill airborne influenza virus particles without causing significant harm to animals when inhaled.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid gas effectively kills influenza A virus aerosols.
- A concentration of 1 vol. gas in 2 million vol. air can destroy 99% of virus particles.
- No significant toxic effects observed in mice and cats from inhaling the gas.
- Acute irritation of mucous membranes noted, but no increased susceptibility to influenza infection.
Hypochlorous Acid: Harnessing an Innate Response (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a powerful and safe disinfectant that can effectively combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens without harming human tissues or the environment.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an effective disinfectant against resistant pathogens.
- It is safe for human tissues and environmentally friendly.
- Stable HOCl can be produced without toxic waste.
- HOCl shows promise in controlling infections, including prions.
- Its use can enhance infection control in healthcare settings.
- Adoption of HOCl can address gaps in traditional sterilization methods.
This study demonstrates that electrolyzed hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an effective and eco-friendly solution for cleaning and sanitizing floors, offering similar cleaning performance to traditional detergents while reducing environmental impact.
Key points
- Electrolyzed hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective for floor cleaning and sanitation.
- It reduces organic dirt and microbial charge significantly.
- No chemical residues are left on surfaces after use.
- HOCl does not damage floor materials, even after multiple applications.
- The system is eco-friendly, reducing CO2 emissions by about 30% compared to traditional detergents.
- It is safe, easy to use, and cost-effective for large area disinfection.
Hypochlorous Acid: A Blast from the Past (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a skincare ingredient with a long history of use for wound care and infections, showing promise for treating conditions like acne and atopic dermatitis, but its effectiveness in over-the-counter products may vary due to stability issues and lack of rigorous studies.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is gaining popularity in skincare but has a long history as a wound disinfectant.
- It has FDA approval for various medical uses, including wound care and infection management.
- HOCl is effective in reducing microbial load in wounds and may aid in wound healing.
- It shows promise in treating atopic dermatitis and acne, with some studies indicating similar efficacy to traditional treatments.
- Stability of HOCl is crucial for its effectiveness; environmental factors can significantly affect it.
- Over-the-counter HOCl products may vary in efficacy and stability compared to prescription formulations.
- More research is needed to fully understand the effectiveness and stability of OTC HOCl products.
The study found that hypochlorous acid water is effective at killing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, making it a promising disinfectant for reducing the spread of COVID-19 in various environments.
Key points
- Cryptosporidium is commonly found in Minnesota public supply wells, with 40% showing at least one detection.
- Risk factors for Cryptosporidium contamination include well depth, runoff catchment area, and land use.
- Shallower wells and higher impervious surfaces increase contamination risk.
- Variability in chemical parameters, like bromide and nitrate, correlates with higher Cryptosporidium detection.
- Traditional practices and gender norms significantly impact women’s access to water in the studied communities.
- Public health interventions are needed to improve water quality and access.
Disinfection with Hypochlorous vs. Sodium Hypochlorite (traditional “Bleach”) (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a safer and more effective disinfectant compared to traditional bleach (sodium hypochlorite) because it penetrates cell walls easily and does not repel germs, making it a better choice for cleaning.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is 80 to 120 times more effective than sodium hypochlorite (bleach).
- HOCl has no charge, allowing it to penetrate cell walls of germs more easily.
- Higher pH levels decrease the effectiveness of HOCl.
- HOCl has a pH similar to water, tricking germs into allowing it inside.
- Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) can be effective but is unsafe to handle due to its high pH.
- Bleach can cause adverse effects on health and materials.
A new cleaning method using hypochlorous acid is more effective and safer than traditional methods for disinfecting gastrointestinal endoscopy procedure rooms, significantly reducing harmful bacteria levels.
Key points
- HOCl cleaning and disinfection is more effective than standard methods in GI endoscopic procedure rooms.
- HOCl reduces ATP scores significantly after procedures.
- Misting with HOCl further improves cleaning results.
Chlorine-based disinfectants, specifically hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite (OCl-), have different properties and uses, and it’s crucial to understand these differences to ensure safe and effective disinfection in clinical settings.
Key points
- HOCl (hypochlorous acid) and OCl- (hypochlorite) are both used for disinfection but have different properties and uses.
- Understanding the pH of chlorine solutions is crucial as it affects the effectiveness and safety of the disinfectant.
- Misuse of chlorine solutions can lead to harmful outcomes, including skin burns and toxic gas release.
- Clear terminology is essential to avoid confusion and ensure safe use of disinfectants in clinical settings.
- Proper storage and handling of disinfectants are important to maintain their efficacy and safety.
A study found that hypochlorous acid is as effective as chlorhexidine in reducing harmful bacteria after periodontal surgery, making it a promising option for post-surgical care with fewer side effects.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is as effective as chlorhexidine (CHX) in reducing plaque and bacterial recolonization after periodontal surgery.
- HOCl shows low adverse effects compared to CHX.
- Both treatments improve periodontal healing, but HOCl may lead to better clinical attachment gains over time.
- HOCl is a promising alternative for post-surgical plaque control without significant toxicity.
Hypochlorous acid is a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics due to its effectiveness against a wide range of germs without causing antibiotic resistance or harming human cells.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
- It effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi without promoting antibiotic resistance.
- HOCl is non-toxic to human cells and has a low potential for side effects.
- It has been successfully used in clinical applications like wound care and infection control.
- Further research is needed to optimize its delivery methods and understand its mechanisms of action.
A study found that exposure to hypochlorous acid fog, used in the product Wonder Spray, does not appear to cause significant harm to lung health or blood metabolism, suggesting it is safe for use as a disinfectant.
Key points
- No detectable changes in blood metabolic panel after exposure to hypochlorous acid fog.
- Minimal and likely reversible lung pathology observed.
- Wonder Spray is considered safe for use as a disinfectant.
- Potential for medical use in treating pneumonia and COVID-19.
This patent discusses a method for using low concentrations of hypochlorous acid solutions to effectively inhibit the activity of viruses and bacteria, providing a safe and versatile treatment option for various infectious diseases.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can inhibit the growth of various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.
- It is effective in treating infections and reducing antimicrobial resistance.
- HOCl can be delivered through nebulizers, sprays, or oral rinses for respiratory and oral health applications.
- The solution is safe and similar to what the body produces to fight infections.
- The method of delivery can enhance treatment effectiveness by targeting specific areas directly.
- HOCl solutions are approved for various medical uses, including eye and nasal infections.
- The technology aims to provide a new approach to managing infectious diseases and improving health outcomes.
The inhalation of gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl(g)) at low concentrations, typically encountered during indoor disinfection, does not have a significant cytotoxic effect on human respiratory epithelial cells, according to a study using laboratory model systems.
Key points
- Inhalation of gaseous hypochlorous acid (HOCl(g)) at low concentrations (less than 500 ppb) has no cytotoxic effect on respiratory epithelial cells.
- The concentration of HOCl(g) reaching the lung pseudo-space is close to zero when the chamber concentration is less than 20.5 ppb.
- HOCl(g) adsorbs on gas-contact silicone rubber surfaces, leading to its disappearance during inhalation.
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent disinfectant with the potential to prevent infections and support healing, showing promise in medical applications, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective in killing pathogens and has applications in wound care and infection prevention.
- It can cause tissue damage and health risks if not used properly, particularly in high concentrations.
- HOCl has been approved by the FDA for various medical uses, including wound cleansing and as a sanitizer.
- Studies show HOCl can enhance mucosal immunity and reduce viral loads, making it relevant for respiratory infections like COVID-19.
- Its use in chronic wound care shows promise, outperforming traditional treatments in some cases.
- Regulatory bodies recognize HOCl as safe for various applications, including food sanitation and medical disinfection.
Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid is a promising new treatment for improving wound healing and reducing scars after dermatologic and plastic surgery procedures.
Key points
- Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective for wound care and scar management.
- It helps reduce hypertrophic scars and keloids.
- Provides a good environment for wound healing.
- Combined with silicone, it may further reduce scarring.
- Safer than chlorhexidine, with no concerns of ocular or ototoxicity.
- Offers a powerful alternative to traditional wound care methods.
A cheap disinfectant spray made from hypochlorous acid could effectively kill viruses like Covid-19, but its widespread use in the UK has been slow due to bureaucratic delays and resistance to new ideas.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a highly effective disinfectant, 100 times more effective than bleach.
- It is non-toxic, cheap to produce, and safe for humans.
- HOCl has been successful in curbing Covid-19 spread in countries like South Korea.
- There is a push for wider use of HOCl in the UK, especially in public spaces and healthcare settings.
- Fogging tunnels using HOCl could help prevent future spikes in infections.
- The NHS is considering HOCl as a potential solution but requires further testing.
Hypochlorous acid inactivates oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2-surrogate (opens in a new tab)
A solution containing hypochlorous acid is effective in killing harmful bacteria and a virus similar to SARS-CoV-2, making it a promising option for reducing infection risk during dental procedures.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) effectively inactivates oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate.
- HOCl solution is safe for tissues and can be used in dental practices.
- Minimum inhibitory volume ratio is 4:1 without saliva and increases to 8:1 with saliva.
- Higher concentrations of HOCl do not significantly improve efficacy against certain pathogens.
- HOCl can be used as therapeutic water or mouthwash to reduce airborne infection risk in dental settings.
This study suggests that using a nasal rinse with hypochlorous acid can safely help reduce symptoms in COVID-19 patients who are not hospitalized.
Key points
- Intranasal lavage with hypochlorous acid can safely reduce COVID-19 symptoms in outpatient patients.
- The study involved 88 patients, with 74 completing the treatment.
- No serious adverse effects were reported; mild reactions included nasal burning and metallic taste.
- The treatment showed feasibility and safety, but further research is needed for broader application.
- No patients required hospitalization or mechanical ventilation.
Shelf-stable hypochlorous acid (US20230017920A1) (opens in a new tab)
This patent describes a new formulation of shelf-stable hypochlorous acid that can be used to treat or prevent viral and bacterial infections, offering a potential solution for conditions like the common cold and chronic wounds.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can treat or prevent viral and bacterial infections.
- It is effective in nasal sprays and wound care.
- The composition is shelf-stable and can be made from lithium, calcium, or sodium hypochlorite.
- HOCl works by killing microorganisms quickly and efficiently.
- It helps in healing chronic wounds and reducing antibiotic resistance.
- The product is designed to match the pH of the nasal cavity for better absorption.
Cleaning solution and manufacturing method therefor (US10194665B2) (opens in a new tab)
This patent describes a stable cleaning solution that effectively sterilizes and cleans surfaces by generating hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions using a unique electrolysis method, making it safe and easy to produce for use in various settings, including dental care.
Key points
- Development of a stable cleaning solution with high hypochlorous acid concentration.
- Effective against bacteria and viruses.
- Produced using a diaphragm-free electrolysis process.
- Residual chlorine concentration between 500 ppm to 2000 ppm.
- pH range of 8.5 to 9.5 for stability.
- Suitable for small-scale production in hospitals and dental clinics.
- Enhances sterilizing ability when pH decreases during use.
Stabilized hypochlorous acid solution and use thereof (US20160120183A1) (opens in a new tab)
This patent describes a stabilized hypochlorous acid solution that can effectively prevent and treat infections during abdominal surgeries by using a unique combination of ingredients to enhance its antimicrobial properties.
Key points
- Antimicrobial solution includes hypochlorous acid, divalent cation, phosphate anion, and water.
- Effective in treating/preventing infections during abdominal surgery.
- Solution stable for extended periods, maintaining efficacy against bacteria.
- Can be used in various surgical procedures like appendectomy and laparotomy.
- Administered via abdominal lavage or directly to the abdominal cavity.
Method for Producing Shelf Stable Hypochlorous Acid Solutions (US20150119245A1) (opens in a new tab)
This patent describes a method for producing and storing hypochlorous acid solutions that remain effective for up to 24 months, making them useful for sanitizing surfaces and extending the life of cut flowers.
Key points
- Method for producing shelf-stable hypochlorous acid solutions.
- Uses high purity water and electrolysis for production.
- Improved shelf life when stored in opaque PET bottles.
- Applications include sanitizers for food and non-food surfaces, cleaners, and cut flower life extenders.
- Non-toxic nature makes it suitable for consumer use.
- Extended shelf life of up to 24 months is achievable.
Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid is a powerful new antiseptic that can improve wound healing and reduce scarring, making it a promising option for doctors in wound care and plastic surgery.
Key points
- Topical stabilized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is effective for wound care and scar management.
- It has strong microbicidal and antibiofilm properties.
- HOCl improves the healing environment and may reduce scarring when combined with silicone.
- It poses no risks of ocular or ototoxicity compared to chlorhexidine.
- Offers an alternative to less desirable wound care methods.
This document describes a new system for producing pure hypochlorous acid on-site, remotely controlled, and designed for various applications, addressing issues of stability and safety in traditional manufacturing methods.
Key points
- Deployable, remote-controlled system for manufacturing pure hypochlorous acid (HOCl).
- Produces high potency, safe, and stable HOCl without contaminants.
- Utilizes electrolysis with controlled water flow and feedback mechanisms.
- Addresses global challenges like pandemics and water shortages.
- Offers real-time monitoring and diagnostics via remote communication.
- Designed for easy operation by untrained personnel.
- Capable of producing clean drinking water alongside HOCl.
This patent describes a stable hypochlorous acid solution that remains effective for at least three months without the need for additional stabilizers, making it useful for disinfection in medical, agricultural, and food processing applications.
Key points
- Stable hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution retains antimicrobial activity for at least three months.
- Composition has low chloride levels and a pH between 3.5 and 7.0.
- Suitable for sterilization in medical, agricultural, and food processing applications.
- Non-toxic and non-mutagenic, making it safe for various uses.
- Can be produced without the need for additional stabilizers.
Stabilized hypohalous acid solutions (US10576152B2) (opens in a new tab)
This patent describes a stabilized solution of hypochlorous acid that is effective for disinfecting surfaces and treating wounds, offering a convenient and long-lasting alternative to traditional disinfectants.
Key points
- Stabilized hypohalous acid solutions are effective for disinfecting wounds, surfaces, and food products.
- The solutions maintain stability over time, enhancing their commercial usability.
- Incorporating bicarbonate improves the biocidal activity and stability of hypochlorous acid solutions.
- The solutions are non-irritating and safe for human use, making them suitable for medical applications.
- Hydrogel formulations of the solutions can be created for easier application and effectiveness.
This case series describes the use of hypochlorous acid as an adjuvant treatment for managing eye infections and blepharitis, showing that it can shorten the time to clinical resolution of these conditions.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid can be used as an antiseptic washout to improve patient comfort after intravitreal injection.
- Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against endophthalmitis isolates of Staphylococci.
- Hypochlorous acid can be used to reduce bacterial load on ocular skin.
- Hypochlorous acid has been shown to improve symptoms in patients with dry eye.
- Hypochlorous acid has been used as a skin antiseptic agent.
- Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against established biofilms.
- Hypochlorous acid can be used to treat blepharitis and chalazia.
- Hypochlorous acid has a neutral pH and disinfectant activity.
- Hypochlorous acid has a good ocular safety profile in rabbits.
The use of hypochlorous acid as a wound cleanser has been found to be safe and effective in treating various types of pediatric and neonatal wounds, without causing any pain or discomfort.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an effective antimicrobial wound cleanser that is noncytotoxic, nontoxic if absorbed percutaneously, effective in various forms, and painless on application.
- HOCl is widely used in multiple medical applications, including in dental treatment as a mouth rinse and in ophthalmology as treatment for blepharitis.
- The intact, undissociated pure HOCl-based product has an excellent safety profile in wound care.
- A pure HOCl solution has been proven to have maximal antimicrobial preservative properties that exceed that of the hypochlorite species largely found in the Dakin’s solution and in products that have a pH higher than approximately 5.5.
- HOCl has been utilized to eliminate biofilm in chronic wounds, as an effective instillation medium for negative pressure therapy and ultrasound therapy, and in general as a cleanser for wounds that contain debris or microbes.
- HOCl is safe and efficacious in wound care for neonatal and pediatric patients.
In vitro experiments showed that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solutions can be effective in inactivating avian influenza virus (AIV) in liquid and spray forms, providing a possible method for controlling AIV at the farm level.
Key points
- Sprayed hypochlorous acid solutions showed virucidal activity against avian influenza virus in in vitro experiments.
- The use of electrolyzed water in the food industry has been studied and found to be effective.
- Common detergents and chemicals can inactivate avian influenza virus.
- Biocides have viricidal activity and specific mechanisms of action.
- Chlorine has been shown to inactivate highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.
- Factors such as physico-chemical conditions and surfaces can affect the survival of avian influenza virus.
- Passive immunization with antiserum generated from viral polypeptides can protect poultry birds from lethal avian influenza virus infection.
- Acidic electrolyzed water and neutral electrolyzed water have a virucidal effect on avian influenza viruses.
- The persistence of avian influenza viruses in frozen environmental water types has been studied.
- The onset of virus shedding and clinical signs in chickens infected with avian influenza viruses has been investigated.
- DIVA vaccination strategies for avian influenza virus have been explored.
- The occurrence and transmission characteristics of airborne avian influenza virus have been studied.
- Low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus can be transmitted from chickens to other bird species.
- Membraneless acidic electrolyzed water has antimicrobial effects on airborne bacteria from poultry houses.
Hypochlorous acid inactivates oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2-surrogate (opens in a new tab)
This study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution, which can be generated from electrolysis of 3% hydrochloric acid, is effective against oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line, showing promise as a potential supplement to water and/or mouthwash to reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid can inactivate oral pathogens and a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2.
- Hypochlorous acid has potential as a wound care agent.
- Hypochlorous acid has been shown to be effective against avian influenza viruses and human norovirus.
- The volume of mouthwash for rinsing can be determined for comfortable use.
This study investigated the efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in inactivating a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces frequently encountered in consumer-facing environments, finding that increased HOCl concentration and exposure time led to increased reduction of the surrogate, but that the highest estimated mean log reduction may not adequately reduce enveloped viruses to below infective thresholds.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid can be effective in inactivating a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate on surfaces, but the effectiveness can be impacted by various factors such as surface type, contact time, inoculum matrix, and concentration.
- There are various sanitizing agents that can be used for virus inactivation and disinfection, but their efficacy can depend on the specific virus and the conditions of use.
- The stability of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces can be impacted by factors such as temperature and humidity.
- There are various methods for assessing the virucidal activity of chemical germicides, such as a disc-based quantitative carrier test method.
- Low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor can be effective in inactivating MS2 bacteriophage and the presumed Ebola virus surrogate Phi6.
HOCl Rapidly Kills Corona, Flu, and Herpes to Prevent Aerosol Spread (opens in a new tab)
This study found that hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at a concentration of 100 ppm can effectively and rapidly destroy COVID-19, influenza, and herpes viruses that are spread through saliva and droplets, making it a potentially effective virucide for use in dental procedures to prevent transmission of these viruses.
Key points
- HOCl can rapidly kill Corona, Flu, and Herpes to prevent aerosol spread.
- Saliva can be used as a diagnostic material for influenza virus infection by PCR-based assays.
- Preprocedural mouthrinses can reduce SARS-CoV-2 load in dental aerosols.
- The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets is important in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
- Disinfection and sterilization are important in healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections.
- Aerosol transmission is a possible route for influenza A virus.
- The evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants is being studied.
- Hypochlorous acid can be used as a disinfectant for dental unit waterlines.
- Free radicals have implications in various diseases.
- The pathology of influenza virus infections has been studied.
- Herpes simplex virus has a global infection prevalence and incidence estimates.
- The future of knowledge representation and creative work aided by machine understanding of language is being investigated.
Living with a Killer: The Effects of Hypochlorous Acid on Mammalian Cells (opens in a new tab)
This article discusses the effects of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on mammalian cells, including its role in killing pathogens and its potential to cause tissue injury and inflammation. It also explores how HOCl interacts with different cell components and describes the outcomes of exposure to different doses of HOCl. The article concludes by highlighting recent research indicating that HOCl may activate cell signaling pathways, providing important information on the role of this oxidant in inflammation.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive oxidant produced by the immune system to kill invading pathogens.
- HOCl can also damage mammalian cells, including proteins, lipids, and DNA.
- Exposure to HOCl can lead to cell death, apoptosis, or growth arrest.
- HOCl has been implicated in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease.
- Researchers have studied the effects of HOCl on different types of cells, including red blood cells, endothelial cells, and heart muscle cells.
This article explores the effects of hypochlorous acid, generated by neutrophils, on both the host and pathogens in the body.
Key points
- Neutrophils are immune cells that produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other hypohalous acids (HA).
- HOCl and HA are toxic to pathogens, but can also damage host tissues.
- The effects of HOCl and HA depend on their concentration and the context in which they are produced.
- Understanding the balance between the beneficial and harmful effects of HOCl and HA can help develop new therapies for infectious and inflammatory diseases.
This study investigated the effectiveness of dry fogging hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide solutions in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus on environmental surfaces, finding that higher concentrations and longer contact times of the disinfectants were required to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 than influenza A virus. The results provide important information for the development of strategies to control the transmission of these viruses in public spaces.
Key points
- Dry fogging of hypochlorous acid solution and hydrogen peroxide solution effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus that had been adhered to plastic microplates.
- Dry fogging is an active countermeasure against infection sources on environmental surfaces.
- Dry fogging is expected to act effectively not only against the Wuhan strain and H1N1 strain tested in the present study, but also against other virus strains.
- It is important to examine whether dry fogging of disinfectants inactivates viruses in a space.
Top 10 Benefits of Hypochlorous Acid Wound Care for Animals (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid wound care is a safe and effective solution for managing various afflictions in animals, providing gentle care and promoting good hygiene without any side effects.
Key points
- HOCl is a naturally occurring chemical found in the bodies of living organisms.
- HOCl is the primary active ingredient in Clireon’s Wound Care & Skin Care spray and gel.
- HOCl can provide gentle, effective care to help manage sores, cuts, abrasions, burns, hot spots, skin irritations, saddle wounds, and post-surgical wounds.
- HOCl is safe for use on all animals.
- HOCl is highly effective in combating the symptoms of dry skin in dogs.
- HOCl is effective in managing infections in animals.
- HOCl is fast-acting and can kill microorganisms on the wound or infection within 30 seconds of application.
- HOCl is a practical, all-natural, and environmentally-friendly alternative for animal care.
Disinfection Applications of On-Site Hypochlorous Acid Production (opens in a new tab)
This thesis explores the potential of on-site production of hypochlorous acid for disinfection applications, including wastewater treatment and sanitization of dental operating rooms.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful disinfectant that can be easily produced from the electrolysis of sodium chloride.
- HOCl has a wide variety of applications, including wound care, eye care, pet care, horticulture, and wastewater treatment.
- An on-site chlorination generator was fabricated and integrated into the Biddeford Pool Wastewater Treatment Plant in December 2022.
- A finite element model was developed to predict room coverage with HOCl fog as a function of carrier gas velocity and position for the removal of airborne pathogens in a dental clinic by fogging.
- The model should estimate the fogging time and concentration to disinfect a room.
- The next step would incorporate a kinetic model for HOCl fog destruction including reaction and evaporation.
This study found that hypochlorous acid fogging can effectively sanitize surfaces against Enterococcus faecalis, a persistent source of infection, with continuous fogging being the most effective method of application.
Key points
- Fogging with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an efficient method for disinfecting large areas.
- Ultrasonic fogging with continuous application is the most effective mode of application for HOCl fogging against Enterococcus faecalis.
- The optimal pulsed fogging protocol produced a similar reduction, but required nearly 5 times as long.
- The home synthesized versions of HOCl yielded much lower log bacterial reductions.
- No significant differences in outcome were determined between polymer or metal surfaces.
Hypochlorous acid (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid that is an oxidizer and primary disinfectant agent in chlorine solutions, with a history of use in medicine, wound care, and disinfection, and is still being studied for potential uses in water treatment, organic synthesis, and deodorization.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid is a potent disinfectant that can inactivate many vital systems in bacteria in less than 0.1 seconds.
- The concentration required for bactericidal activity is highly dependent on bacterial concentration.
- Hypochlorous acid can cause inhibition of glucose oxidation, depletion of adenine nucleotides, inhibition of DNA replication, and protein unfolding and aggregation.
- Hypochlorous acid water is difficult to maintain as it quickly deteriorates back into salt water, losing its disinfecting capability.
Hypochlorous acid solutions for wound care in animal patients (opens in a new tab)
Hypochlorous acid solutions, made from electrolyzed water, are a highly effective and safe approach to wound care for animals, as they eradicate dangerous organisms while not causing harm to cells.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid solutions are a recent and highly effective approach to wound care.
- Hypochlorous acid solutions are non-toxic to the delicate cells that heal wounds, while being lethal to almost all known dangerous bacteria and viruses that threaten health.
- Hypochlorous acid also exists in the form of a hydrogel, which makes it ideal as a wound filler.
- Sea salt used in HOCl solutions should be rich in minerals, containing all 84 essential trace elements that are also present in the human body.
This article discusses the role of hypochlorous acid in periodontal disease, highlighting its potential as an antimicrobial and inflammation-modulating medication. ROS, including hypochlorous acid, play a complex role in the immune response to pathogens in periodontitis, and their regulation is crucial in treating the disease.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) can modulate the inflammatory response and may have both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics.
- TauCl possesses mostly anti-inflammatory properties and may promote healing and alleviate inflammation.
- The Periodontal Department of Taipei Medical University Hospital began using an ultrasonic spray of HOCl for constant sterilization and infection control of clinical cubicles and wound irrigation during periodontal surgery in 2007.
The article discusses the potential use of a prefabricated sanitizing chamber that uses hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant in the fight against COVID-19, and explores the efficacy and safety of hypochlorous acid as a disinfectant.
Key points
- Hypochlorous acid can be effective in disinfecting surfaces and reducing bacterial load.
- A smart prefabricated sanitizing chamber can reduce exposure to COVID-19 in occupational settings.
- Short-term skin reactions can occur from using N95 respirators and medical masks.
- There is a need for more effective methods for cleaning and disinfecting enclosed spaces.
- The future of disinfection may involve the use of slightly acidic electrolyzed water.